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Published January 2024 | Version Published
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High-energy neutrino-induced cascade from the direction of the flaring radio blazar TXS 0506 + 056 observed by Baikal-GVD in 2021

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
  • 2. ROR icon Institute for Nuclear Research
  • 3. ROR icon Comenius University
  • 4. ROR icon Czech Technical University in Prague
  • 5. ROR icon Irkutsk State University
  • 6. Independent Researcher
  • 7. ROR icon Lomonosov Moscow State University
  • 8. ROR icon National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan
  • 9. LATENA, St Petersburg 199106, Russia
  • 10. INFRAD, Dubna 141981, Russia
  • 11. ROR icon Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University
  • 12. ROR icon St. Petersburg State Technological Institute
  • 13. ROR icon Special Astrophysical Observatory
  • 14. ROR icon Astro Space Center
  • 15. ROR icon Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
  • 16. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 17. ROR icon Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
  • 18. ROR icon Harvard University
  • 19. Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Nauchny 298409, Crimea, Russia
  • 20. ROR icon University of Paris

Abstract

The existence of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos has been unambiguously demonstrated, but their sources remain elusive. IceCube reported an association of a 290-TeV neutrino with a gamma-ray flare of TXS 0506 + 056, an active galactic nucleus with a compact radio jet pointing to us. Later, radio-bright blazars were shown to be associated with IceCube neutrino events with high statistical significance. These associations remained unconfirmed with the data of independent experiments. Here, we report on the detection of a rare neutrino event with the estimated energy of 224 ± 75 TeV from the direction of TXS 0506 + 056 by the new Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector (Baikal-GVD) in April 2021. This event is the highest energy cascade detected so far by the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope from a direction below horizon. The result supports previous suggestions that radio blazars in general, and TXS 0506 + 056 in particular, are the sources of high-energy neutrinos, and opens up the cascade channel for the neutrino astronomy.

Copyright and License

© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to the anonymous referee for constrictive comments and suggestions which have helped to improve the manuscript. We thank Galina Lipunova and Eduardo Ros for discussions as well as Elena Bazanova for English editing. This paper is supported by the Ministry of science and higher education of Russia under the contract 075-15-2020-778. The work is partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund-Project ‘Engineering applications of microworld physics’ (CZ 02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000766) and by the VEGA Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic under Contract No. 1/0607/20.

Facilities

Baikal-GVD, Fermi LAT, RATAN-600.

Files

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Additional details

Additional titles

Alternative title
High-energy neutrino-induced cascade from the direction of the flaring radio blazar TXS 0506+056 observed by the Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector in 2021

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2210.01650 (arXiv)

Funding

The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
075-15-2020-778
European Commission
CZ 02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000766
Slovak Academy of Sciences
VEGA Grant Agency 1/0607/20

Dates

Accepted
2023-11-21
Available
2023-11-27
Published
Available
2023-12-22
Corrected and typeset

Caltech Custom Metadata

Caltech groups
Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published