Table S2. General lithologic information for the entire SOH1 section. Modes are from hand specimen point counts. litho unit top depth (mbsl) bottom depth (mbsl) thickness (m) oliv mode % plag mode % vesicles mode % unit type rock type K?lauea Subaerial 1 1.8 6.9 5.0 2.0 0.6 18.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 2 6.9 9.1 2.2 0.1 0.1 16.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 3 9.1 12.1 3.1 1.0 0.1 30.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 4 12.1 16.0 3.9 1.1 1.0 22.5 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 5 16.0 21.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 6 21.0 23.9 2.9 1.5 0.1 31.5 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 7 23.9 25.1 1.2 1.0 0.1 25.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 8 25.1 29.7 4.6 4.5 0.1 13.5 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 9 29.7 32.5 2.7 1.0 0.1 21.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 10 32.5 42.7 10.2 1.1 0.6 16.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 11 42.7 50.7 8.0 2.0 0.1 13.5 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 12 50.7 61.6 10.9 2.0 0.1 9.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 13 61.6 72.5 10.9 1.0 0.1 10.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 14 72.5 76.4 4.0 0.1 0.1 11.0 aa aphyric basalt 15 76.4 79.4 3.0 2.5 2.5 17.5 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 16 79.4 80.8 1.4 0.1 0.1 27.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 17 80.8 84.7 4.0 1.0 0.1 12.5 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 18 84.7 90.4 5.6 0.1 0.1 21.5 aa aphyric basalt 19 90.4 93.6 3.2 0.1 0.1 8.0 aa aphyric basalt 20 93.6 97.7 4.1 0.1 1.0 26.0 aa sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 21 97.7 100.0 2.3 0.1 0.1 7.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 22 100.0 101.8 1.8 0.1 3.0 29.0 pahoehoe moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 23 101.8 103.2 1.4 - 1.0 - pahoehoe ? 24 103.2 104.2 1.1 5.0 0.1 34.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 25 104.2 105.5 1.2 - - - pahoehoe ? 26 105.5 107.1 1.7 0.1 0.1 37.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 27 107.1 108.3 1.2 0.1 0.0 22.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 28 108.3 109.4 1.1 0.1 1.0 23.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 29 109.4 110.3 0.9 2.0 0.1 13.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 30 110.3 110.9 0.6 2.0 0.1 34.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 31 110.9 111.9 0.9 0.1 0.1 28.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 32 111.9 114.0 2.1 1.0 0.1 11.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 33 114.0 118.9 4.9 1.0 0.1 21.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 34 118.9 126.2 7.3 0.1 1.1 17.5 aa sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 35 126.2 128.2 2.0 0.1 0.1 20.0 aa aphyric basalt 36 128.2 129.2 1.1 0.1 0.1 32.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 37 129.2 132.0 2.7 1.0 0.0 28.0 aa sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 38 132.0 144.0 12.0 0.0 0.1 16.0 aa aphyric basalt 39 144.0 149.2 5.2 1.0 0.1 18.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 40 149.2 152.1 2.9 1.0 1.0 20.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 41 152.1 156.1 4.0 6.0 4.0 15.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 42 156.1 157.9 1.8 0.1 0.1 10.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 43 157.9 160.0 2.1 2.0 1.0 19.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 44 160.0 163.5 3.5 1.0 1.0 16.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 45 163.5 166.1 2.6 1.0 0.1 12.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 46 166.1 170.4 4.3 0.1 0.1 24.0 aa aphyric basalt 47 170.4 177.9 7.5 1.1 0.6 17.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 48 177.9 178.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 24.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 49 178.3 181.4 3.0 2.0 0.1 28.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt eTable 2 cont. litho unit top depth (mbsl) bottom depth (mbsl) thickness (m) oliv mode % plag mode % vesicles mode % unit type rock type 50 181.4 190.0 8.7 0.6 0.0 9.5 aa sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 51 190.0 194.8 4.7 3.0 0.1 20.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 52 194.8 197.2 2.4 2.0 1.0 27.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 53 197.2 200.3 3.0 6.0 0.1 8.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 54 200.3 202.4 2.1 1.0 1.0 16.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 55 202.4 204.5 2.1 4.0 4.0 13.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 56 204.5 214.3 9.8 0.1 0.1 14.0 aa aphyric basalt 57 214.3 216.6 2.3 0.1 0.1 17.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 58 216.6 219.5 2.9 1.0 0.1 17.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 59 219.5 220.8 1.4 0.1 2.0 12.5 aa sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 60 220.8 225.1 4.3 3.0 1.0 21.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 61 225.1 228.6 3.5 3.0 1.0 22.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 62 228.6 234.8 6.2 9.0 1.5 15.5 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 63 234.8 238.4 3.6 0.1 0.1 9.0 aa aphyric basalt 64 238.4 241.6 3.2 1.0 0.1 22.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 65 241.6 245.6 4.1 3.0 1.0 31.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 66 245.6 248.3 2.7 5.0 0.1 22.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 67 248.3 249.9 1.7 4.0 2.0 14.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 68 249.9 255.7 5.8 - - - dike ? 69 255.7 258.8 3.0 2.0 0.1 11.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 70 258.8 262.1 3.4 4.0 1.0 22.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 71 262.1 265.5 3.4 0.1 1.0 12.0 aa sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 72 265.5 266.4 0.9 0.1 0.1 13.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 73 266.4 269.7 3.3 0.1 0.1 9.0 aa aphyric basalt 74 269.7 274.0 4.4 2.0 0.1 10.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 75 274.0 279.2 5.2 0.1 3.0 28.0 aa moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 76 279.2 281.0 1.8 0.1 2.0 24.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 77 281.0 283.6 2.6 2.0 0.1 12.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 78 283.6 291.1 7.5 1.0 0.1 25.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 79 291.1 293.9 2.8 0.1 0.1 17.0 aa aphyric basalt 80 293.9 296.0 2.1 1.0 0.0 33.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 81 296.0 303.0 6.9 0.1 0.1 4.0 aa aphyric basalt 82 303.0 304.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 17.5 aa aphyric basalt 83 304.2 304.3 0.2 - - - ash ash 84 304.3 309.4 5.0 1.0 0.1 12.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 85 309.4 315.2 5.8 - - - dike ? 86 315.2 316.5 1.4 0.1 1.0 5.0 aa sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 87 316.5 318.2 1.7 - - - aa ? 88 318.2 330.4 12.2 2.0 0.1 12.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 89 330.4 338.0 7.6 2.0 0.1 24.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 90 338.3 342.9 4.6 0.1 0.1 11.0 aa aphyric basalt 91 342.9 344.4 1.5 - - - rubble rubble 92 344.4 346.9 2.4 3.0 0.1 19.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 93 346.9 347.2 0.3 4.0 2.0 27.5 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 94 347.2 349.9 2.7 0.0 0.1 24.0 aa aphyric basalt 95 349.9 350.2 0.3 1.0 0.1 17.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 96 349.9 352.3 2.4 0.1 0.1 28.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 97 352.3 354.8 2.4 1.0 0.1 10.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 98 354.8 355.9 1.1 0.1 1.0 17.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 99 355.9 356.5 0.6 1.0 3.0 12.0 pahoehoe moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 100 356.5 358.6 2.1 2.0 0.1 25.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt eTable 2 cont. litho unit top depth (mbsl) bottom depth (mbsl) thickness (m) oliv mode % plag mode % vesicles mode % unit type rock type 101 358.6 359.7 1.1 1.0 0.1 12.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 102 359.7 360.4 0.8 3.0 0.1 12.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 103 360.4 362.3 1.8 2.0 0.0 12.5 pahoehoe sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 104 362.3 364.2 2.0 2.0 1.0 17.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 105 364.2 364.8 0.6 2.0 0.1 26.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 106 364.8 367.3 2.4 6.0 0.1 18.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 107 367.3 369.1 1.8 2.0 0.1 17.5 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 108 369.1 372.0 2.9 0.1 3.0 20.0 aa sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 109 372.0 374.1 2.1 0.1 0.1 11.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 110 374.1 374.8 0.6 0.1 0.1 29.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 111 374.8 376.4 1.7 1.0 0.1 18.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 112 376.4 378.6 2.1 3.0 0.1 30.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 113 378.6 379.5 0.9 1.0 2.0 13.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 114 379.5 381.3 1.8 1.0 1.0 14.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 115 381.3 386.5 5.2 0.1 0.1 17.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 116 386.5 387.4 0.9 2.0 1.0 27.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 117 387.4 390.8 3.4 2.0 0.1 21.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 118 390.8 391.7 0.9 1.0 0.1 24.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 119 391.7 396.5 4.9 3.0 3.0 28.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 120 396.5 397.2 0.6 2.0 0.1 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 121 397.2 397.8 0.6 2.0 0.1 22.5 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 122 397.8 400.2 2.4 1.0 2.0 0.0 dike sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 123 400.2 401.4 1.2 1.0 0.1 57.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 124 401.4 402.0 0.6 1.0 0.0 7.0 aa sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 125 402.0 406.3 4.3 2.0 1.0 18.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 126 406.3 410.9 4.6 2.0 1.0 16.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 127 410.9 412.1 1.2 2.0 1.0 19.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 128 412.1 413.9 1.8 3.0 0.1 23.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 129 413.9 421.2 7.3 2.0 1.0 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 130 421.2 423.1 1.8 6.0 2.0 29.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 131 423.1 423.4 0.3 2.0 1.0 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 132 423.4 425.8 2.4 2.0 0.1 22.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 133 425.8 429.8 4.0 3.0 2.0 14.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 134 429.8 434.0 4.3 2.0 1.0 29.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 135 434.0 437.4 3.4 1.0 0.1 17.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 136 437.4 439.2 1.8 4.0 3.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 137 439.2 441.7 2.4 3.0 1.0 15.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 138 441.7 443.5 1.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 139 443.5 444.7 1.2 2.0 2.0 17.5 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 140 444.7 445.6 0.9 2.0 1.0 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 141 445.6 447.8 2.1 3.0 2.0 17.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 142 447.8 449.0 1.2 3.0 0.0 28.0 aa moderately olivine-phyric basalt 143 449.0 451.1 2.1 0.1 0.0 16.0 aa aphyric basalt 144 451.1 455.4 4.3 4.0 1.0 11.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 145 455.4 456.0 0.6 0.1 2.0 16.0 aa sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 146 456.0 459.6 3.7 1.0 1.0 19.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 147 459.6 461.8 2.1 0.0 0.1 2.0 aa aphyric basalt 148 461.8 464.2 2.4 0.0 0.1 15.0 aa aphyric basalt 149 464.2 465.4 1.2 0.0 2.0 27.5 aa sparsely plagioclase-phyric basalt 150 465.4 466.6 1.2 2.0 2.0 17.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 151 466.6 469.7 3.0 2.0 1.0 29.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt eTable 2 cont. litho unit top depth (mbsl) bottom depth (mbsl) thickness (m) oliv mode % plag mode % vesicles mode % unit type rock type 152 469.7 472.4 2.7 1.0 1.0 19.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 153 472.4 474.9 2.4 1.0 0.1 21.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 154 474.9 475.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 11.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 155 475.8 477.0 1.2 0.0 3.0 20.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase-phyric basalt 156 477.0 479.1 2.1 2.0 0.1 18.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 157 479.1 483.7 4.6 2.0 1.0 10.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 158 483.7 485.9 2.1 3.0 0.1 14.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 159 485.9 488.4 2.6 2.0 3.0 37.0 aa moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 160 488.4 490.3 1.8 1.0 2.0 8.0 aa sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 161 490.3 492.9 2.6 0.0 0.0 11.0 aa aphyric basalt 162 492.9 497.7 4.9 1.0 0.1 7.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 163 497.7 500.5 2.7 1.0 0.1 19.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 164 500.5 503.2 2.7 1.0 0.1 18.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 165 503.2 503.8 0.6 3.0 1.0 8.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 166 503.8 505.1 1.2 1.0 0.1 18.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 167 505.1 506.0 0.9 1.0 3.0 12.0 aa moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 168 506.0 508.4 2.4 1.0 2.0 11.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 169 508.4 509.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 17.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 170 509.5 509.9 0.5 1.0 5.0 12.0 pahoehoe moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 171 509.9 511.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 10.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 172 511.8 516.3 4.6 1.0 1.0 9.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 173 516.3 518.8 2.4 3.0 0.1 19.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 174 518.8 520.9 2.1 1.0 0.1 18.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 175 520.9 527.0 6.1 2.0 0.1 17.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 176 527.0 530.7 3.7 2.0 0.1 8.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 177 530.7 532.2 1.5 3.0 0.1 27.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 178 532.2 535.2 3.0 9.0 2.0 31.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 179 535.2 539.5 4.3 5.0 2.0 7.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 180 539.5 540.7 1.2 8.0 3.0 32.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 181 540.7 544.7 4.0 2.0 0.1 0.1 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 182 544.7 545.3 0.6 2.0 1.0 5.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 183 545.3 545.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 1.0 dike aphyric basalt 184 545.9 548.0 2.1 10.0 2.0 8.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 185 548.0 548.3 0.3 2.0 4.0 0.0 dike moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 186 548.3 549.2 0.9 0.1 1.0 23.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 187 549.2 550.2 0.9 4.0 0.1 0.1 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 188 550.2 551.7 1.5 3.0 1.0 11.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 189 551.7 553.8 2.1 3.5 0.1 15.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 190 553.8 556.0 2.1 2.0 0.1 26.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 191 556.0 556.9 0.9 0.1 0.1 18.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 192 556.9 559.9 3.0 0.1 0.1 19.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 193 559.9 560.8 0.9 1.0 0.1 30.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 194 560.8 562.1 1.2 2.0 0.1 16.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 195 562.1 564.2 2.1 1.0 0.1 16.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 196 564.2 566.3 2.1 1.0 0.1 23.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 197 566.3 567.5 1.2 2.0 0.1 18.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 198 567.5 570.0 2.4 1.0 1.0 26.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 199 570.0 573.6 3.7 2.0 0.1 23.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 200 573.6 574.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 dike aphyric basalt 201 574.5 576.4 1.8 4.0 0.1 19.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 202 576.4 580.3 4.0 4.0 0.1 13.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt eTable 2 cont. litho unit top depth (mbsl) bottom depth (mbsl) thickness (m) oliv mode % plag mode % vesicles mode % unit type rock type 203 580.3 582.2 1.8 0.1 0.1 26.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 204 582.2 582.5 0.3 0.1 11.0 0.0 dike highly olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 205 582.5 591.3 8.8 2.0 0.0 28.0 aa sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 206 591.3 591.6 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 207 591.6 593.8 2.1 1.0 0.0 12.0 aa sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 208 593.8 595.9 2.1 0.1 0.1 19.0 aa aphyric basalt 209 595.9 598.6 2.7 1.0 0.1 10.0 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 210 598.6 601.7 3.0 0.1 0.0 14.0 aa aphyric basalt 211 601.7 603.8 2.1 1.0 0.0 12.0 aa sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 212 603.8 606.6 2.7 5.0 1.0 13.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 213 606.6 608.4 1.8 2.0 0.0 18.0 aa sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 214 608.4 617.4 9.0 1.0 0.1 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 215 617.4 624.8 7.5 3.0 2.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 216 624.8 626.7 1.8 0.0 0.1 20.0 aa aphyric basalt 217 626.7 629.3 2.6 3.0 0.1 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 218 629.3 661.1 31.9 3.5 1.6 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 219 661.1 662.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 7.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 220 662.3 663.2 0.9 5.0 0.0 13.0 pahoehoe moderately olivine-phyric basalt 221 663.2 673.0 9.8 2.0 1.0 8.0 transitional sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 223 673.0 674.8 1.8 3.0 0.0 8.0 aa moderately olivine-phyric basalt 224 674.8 690.1 15.2 1.0 0.1 2.5 aa sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 225 690.1 696.0 5.9 9.0 0.1 5.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 226 696.0 701.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 10.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 227 701.0 702.9 1.8 1.0 1.0 15.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 228 702.9 706.7 3.8 0.1 0.1 19.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 229 706.7 709.0 2.3 3.0 0.0 19.0 pahoehoe moderately olivine-phyric basalt 230 709.0 713.2 4.3 1.0 0.0 18.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 231 713.2 715.7 2.4 3.0 0.0 13.0 pahoehoe moderately olivine-phyric basalt 232 715.7 721.8 6.1 11.0 0.1 16.0 pahoehoe highly plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 233 721.8 729.7 7.9 2.0 0.0 13.5 aa sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 234 729.7 730.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 24.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt 235 730.3 732.4 2.1 2.0 0.1 28.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 236 732.4 735.2 2.7 1.0 0.0 14.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 237 735.2 738.5 3.4 4.0 0.1 12.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 238 738.5 748.3 9.8 5.0 0.0 21.0 hyaloclastite moderately olivine-phyric basalt 239 748.3 748.4 0.1 - - - carb breccia carbonate breccia 240 748.4 751.9 3.6 5.0 0.1 4.0 aa moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 241 751.9 760.2 8.2 1.5 0.0 12.0 pahoehoe sparsely olivine-phyric basalt 242 760.2 761.7 1.5 6.0 0.1 28.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 243 761.7 765.0 3.4 3.0 0.1 13.0 transitional moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 244 765.0 769.6 4.6 3.0 0.1 22.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 245 769.6 785.6 16.0 13.5 0.0 3.0 pahoehoe highly olivine-phyric basalt K?lauea Submarine 246 785.6 800.7 15.1 1.5 0.5 17.0 hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 247 800.7 805.0 4.3 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 248 805.0 814.1 9.1 3.0 0.1 13.5 hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 249 814.1 828.1 14.0 4.0 0.1 20.5 hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 251 828.1 834.5 6.4 8.0 0.0 0.0 dike moderately olivine-phyric basalt 252 834.5 844.3 9.8 9.0 0.0 13.0 hyaloclastite moderately olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 255 844.3 869.0 24.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 dike aphyric basalt 256 869.0 872.0 3.0 5.8 0.1 0.3 hyaloclastite mod plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite eTable 2 cont. litho unit top depth (mbsl) bottom depth (mbsl) thickness (m) oliv mode % plag mode % vesicles mode % unit type rock type 257 883.0 922.6 39.6 6.0 0.0 0.1 hyaloclastite moderately olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 260 922.6 923.2 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 261 923.2 936.5 13.3 6.0 0.0 18.0 hyaloclastite moderately olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 262 936.5 939.2 2.7 2.0 2.0 0.0 hyaloclastite sparsely plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 263 939.2 941.7 2.4 0.1 1.0 0.0 dike sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 264 941.7 963.8 22.1 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 265 963.8 977.2 13.4 1.5 0.1 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 266 977.2 978.7 1.5 7.0 0.1 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 267 978.7 985.0 6.2 11.0 0.1 0.0 massive highly plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 268 985.0 995.5 10.5 6.0 1.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 269 995.5 1000.7 5.2 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 270 1000.7 1011.9 11.3 3.0 0.1 14.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 271 1013.8 1030.2 16.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 dike aphyric basalt 272 1030.2 1031.1 0.9 - - - breccia basalt breccia 273 1031.1 1040.6 9.4 6.0 0.0 0.0 dike moderately olivine-phyric basalt 274 1040.6 1066.8 26.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 dike aphyric basalt 275 1066.8 1070.8 4.0 1.0 3.0 0.0 dike moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 276 1070.8 1071.1 0.3 2.0 1.0 33.0 breccia sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt breccia 277 1071.1 1078.4 7.3 4.0 0.1 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 278 1078.4 1086.0 7.6 1.6 0.1 0.1 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 279 1091.5 1097.0 5.5 - - - beach sand beach sand (carbonate or basalt?) 280 1097.0 1097.3 0.3 - - - beach sand beach sand (carbonate or basalt?) 281 1097.3 1100.6 3.4 14.0 0.1 0.0 dike highly plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 282 1100.6 1102.5 1.8 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 283 1102.5 1103.4 0.9 7.7 0.7 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 284 1112.5 1118.9 6.4 10.0 0.0 4.0 hyaloclastite moderately olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 285 1118.9 1127.8 8.8 4.0 2.0 28.0 hyaloclastite mod plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 286 1127.8 1128.7 0.9 5.0 3.0 0.1 hyaloclastite mod plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 287 1133.2 1136.9 3.7 11.0 2.0 20.0 hyaloclastite highly plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 288 1136.9 1155.8 18.9 10.0 1.0 5.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 290 1155.8 1156.7 0.9 11.0 4.0 28.0 hyaloclastite highly plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 291 1156.7 1158.2 1.5 3.0 2.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 292 1158.2 1159.8 1.5 3.0 1.0 10.0 pahoehoe moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 293 1159.8 1160.4 0.6 8.0 0.1 0.1 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 294 1160.4 1165.6 5.2 1.0 0.1 30.0 hyaloclastite sparsely plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 295 1165.6 1168.9 3.4 2.0 0.1 0.1 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 296 1168.9 1171.3 2.4 1.0 0.1 2.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 297 1171.3 1182.6 11.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 breccia sparsely olivine-phyric basalt breccia 298 1182.6 1183.2 0.6 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 299 1183.2 1193.9 10.7 3.0 2.0 0.0 breccia mod plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt breccia 301 1193.9 1194.4 0.5 5.0 1.0 8.0 massive moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 302 1194.4 1204.9 10.5 2.0 0.1 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 303 1204.9 1208.2 3.4 9.0 0.1 12.0 massive moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 304 1208.2 1307.6 99.4 3.0 1.5 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 305 1307.6 1310.3 2.7 7.0 4.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 306 1310.3 1331.7 21.3 3.0 1.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 307 1331.7 1338.4 6.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 dike aphyric basalt 308 1338.4 1343.6 5.2 3.0 3.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 309 1343.6 1348.7 5.2 2.0 3.0 0.1 dike sparsely olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 310 1348.7 1351.8 3.0 2.0 2.0 18.0 pahoehoe sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 311 1351.8 1353.9 2.1 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite eTable 2 cont. litho unit top depth (mbsl) bottom depth (mbsl) thickness (m) oliv mode % plag mode % vesicles mode % unit type rock type 312 1353.9 1357.6 3.7 4.0 0.1 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 313 1357.6 1359.1 1.5 1.0 3.0 2.0 dike moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 314 1359.1 1361.8 2.7 3.0 0.1 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 315 1361.8 1363.7 1.8 2.0 3.0 5.0 dike moderately olivine plagioclase-phyric basalt 316 1363.7 1368.2 4.6 1.0 1.0 2.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 317 1368.2 1375.9 7.6 6.0 1.0 0.0 hyaloclastite mod plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 318 1375.9 1379.5 3.7 - - - silt silt 319 1379.5 1381.4 1.8 2.0 0.1 7.0 hyaloclastite sparsely plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 320 1381.4 1383.8 2.4 - - - beach sand beach sand (carbonate or basalt?) 321 1383.8 1394.6 10.8 2.0 0.1 5.0 hyaloclastite sparsely plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 322 1394.6 1405.4 10.8 3.0 1.0 2.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 323 1405.4 1406.3 0.9 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 324 1406.3 1407.6 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 dike aphyric basalt 325 1407.6 1410.0 2.4 1.0 0.1 6.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 326 1410.0 1418.2 8.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 dike aphyric basalt 327 1418.2 1420.8 2.6 3.0 2.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 328 1420.8 1456.2 35.4 1.5 0.1 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 330 1456.2 1457.2 1.1 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 331 1457.2 1462.4 5.2 3.0 0.1 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 332 1462.4 1479.8 17.4 1.0 1.0 2.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 333 1479.8 1480.0 0.2 - - - drill cement drill cement 334 1480.0 1480.6 0.6 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 335 1480.6 1484.2 3.7 3.0 1.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 336 1484.2 1487.7 3.5 - - - breccia basalt breccia 337 1487.7 1494.4 6.7 4.0 1.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 338 1494.4 1503.0 8.5 5.0 1.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 339 1503.0 1510.9 7.9 4.0 3.0 5.0 hyaloclastite mod plag olivine-phyric basaltic hyaloclastite 340 1510.9 1514.9 4.0 8.0 2.0 3.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 341 1514.9 1520.0 5.2 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 342 1520.0 1527.4 7.3 4.0 2.0 1.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 343 1527.4 1531.3 4.0 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 344 1531.3 1563.0 31.7 3.0 0.1 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 346 1563.0 1563.9 0.9 - - - hyaloclastite basaltic hyaloclastite 347 1563.9 1586.5 22.6 3.0 0.1 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 348 1586.5 1590.8 4.3 6.0 2.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 349 1590.8 1597.5 6.7 10.0 7.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 350 1597.5 1603.9 6.4 2.0 0.1 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 351 1603.9 1606.6 2.7 10.0 6.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 352 1606.6 1618.5 11.9 2.0 1.0 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 353 1624.3 1626.9 2.6 - - - breccia basalt breccia 354 1626.9 1630.4 3.5 8.0 2.0 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 355 1637.4 1650.5 13.1 6.0 0.1 0.0 dike moderately plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 356 1650.5 1663.6 13.1 2.0 1.0 0.0 dike sparsely plagioclase olivine-phyric basalt 359 1663.6 1684.3 20.7 0.0 0.0 12.0 pahoehoe aphyric basalt