Matter, Volume
3
Supplemental Information
SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based
Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid
and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring
Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodríguez, Heather Lukas, Jiaobing Tu, Jihong Min, Yiran
Yang, Changhao Xu, Harry B. Rossiter, and Wei Gao
Matter, Volume
3
Supplemental Information
SARS-CoV-2 RapidPlex: A Graphene-Based
Multiplexed Telemedicine Platform for Rapid
and Low-Cost COVID-19 Diagnosis and Monitoring
Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodríguez, Heather Lukas, Jiaobing Tu, Jihong Min, Yiran
Yang, Changhao Xu, Harry B. Rossiter, and Wei Gao
Figure S1
.
SEM images of the
bare
graphene electrode
before
and after modification with PBA.
Figure S2
.
Electrochemical characterization of the sandwich assay
-
based graphene sensor
modifications.
Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)
(A) and
Nyquist plots
(B)
of a graphene
electrode in 0.01 M phosphate
-
buffered saline (PBS
, pH 7.4
) containing 2.0 mM of
K
4
Fe(CN)
6
/K
3
Fe(CN)
6
(1:1) after each modification step (
CRP
assay as
a
representative example):
bare graphene
(Bare)
, functionalization with PBA
(PBA)
,
immobilization of
antibody (Antibody)
,
blocking with BSA
(BSA)
, recognition of
CRP (Target)
, and incubation with enzyme
-
tagged anti
-
CRP
antibody
(DAb)
.
Figure S3
.
Characte
rization of the direct and
oriented
protein
immobilization
.
Schemes illustrating
direct and oriented immobilization of SARS
-
CoV
-
2 antigenic protein for detection of specific IgG
or IgM isotypes (A), and comparison of sensor performance for S1
-
IgG detection
using both types
of immobilizations (B).
Figure S
4
.
Stability evaluation of the
LGE
electrochemical
bio
sensors.
Variation of s
ignal (S)
-
to
-
Blank (B) ratios
over days
of storage
(at 4C in 1X PBS buffered solution)
for NP, S1
-
IgG, and
CRP sensors in the presence of
500 pg mL
-
1
NP, 250 ng mL
-
1
S1
-
IgG, and 20 ng mL
-
1
CRP
,
respectively.
Data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 3).
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
S/B
Days
NP
S1
-
IgG
CRP
0
1
3
5
0
1
3
5
0
1
3
5
Figure S
5
.
Calibration curve constructed for (NP + S1)
-
IgG detection
in
phosphate
-
buffer
ed saline
(PBS, pH 7.4) supplemented with 1.0% BSA.
Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3).
Figure S6.
The signal
(
S
)
-
to
-
blank
(
B
)
ratio of
the LEG
sensor
s
obtained after 1
-
minute incubation
with a 100
X
diluted serum sample from a COVID
-
19 positive patient (dark color) vs. a 100
X
diluted serum sample from a COVID
-
19 negative patient (light color).
Data are represented as
mean ± SD (n = 4).
Table S1.
Pati
ent s
ample
summary
information.
Sample
Type
Sample
ID
PCR
Results
IgM/IgG
Serology Results
Symptom
Severity
Serum
PSer428
+
(+)/(+)
Moderate
PSer499
+
(+)/(+)
Mild
PSer565
+
(+)/(+)
Moderate
PSer458
+
(+)/(+)
Mild
PSer560
+
(+)/(+)
Hospitalized
PSer454
+
(
-
)/(+)
Asymptomatic
PSer619
+
(
-
)/(+)
Asymptomatic
PSer494
+
(
-
)/(+)
Mild
PSer379
+
(
-
)/(+)
Mild
PSer400
+
(
-
)/(+)
Mild
NSer4
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a
NSer5
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a
NSer6
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a
NSer7
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a
NSer8
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a
NSer9
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a
NSer10
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a
Saliva
PSal530
+
(
-
)/(+)
Mild
PSal664
+
(
-
)/(+)
Asymptomatic
PSal675
+
(
-
)/(+)
Asymptomatic
PSal658
+
(
-
)/(+)
Asymptomatic
PSal604
+
(+)/(+)
Asymptomatic
NSal3
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a
NSal4
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a
NSal5
-
(
-
)/(
-
)
n/a