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nature research | reporting summary
April 2018
Corresponding author(s):
Yuki Oka
Reporting Summary
Nature Research wishes to improve the reproducibility of the work that we publish. This form provides structure for consistency
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in reporting. For further information on Nature Research policies, see
Authors & Referees
and the
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.
Statistical parameters
When statistical analyses are reported, confirm that the following items are present in the relevant location (e.g. figure lege
nd, table legend, main
text, or Methods section).
n/a
Confirmed
The exact sample size (
n
) for each experimental group/condition, given as a discrete number and unit of measurement
An indication of whether measurements were taken from distinct samples or whether the same sample was measured repeatedly
The statistical test(s) used AND whether they are one- or two-sided
Only common tests should be described solely by name; describe
more complex techniques in the Methods section.
A description of all covariates tested
A description of any assumptions or corrections, such as tests of normality and adjustment for multiple comparisons
A full description of the statistics including central tendency (e.g. means) or other basic estimates (e.g. regression coeffici
ent) AND
variation (e.g. standard deviation) or associated estimates of uncertainty (e.g. confidence intervals)
For null hypothesis testing, the test statistic (e.g.
F
,
t
,
r
) with confidence intervals, effect sizes, degrees of freedom and
P
value noted
Give P values as exact values whenever suitable.
For Bayesian analysis, information on the choice of priors and Markov chain Monte Carlo settings
For hierarchical and complex designs, identification of the appropriate level for tests and full reporting of outcomes
Estimates of effect sizes (e.g. Cohen's
d
, Pearson's
r
), indicating how they were calculated
Clearly defined error bars
State explicitly what error bars represent (e.g. SD, SE, CI)
Our web collection on
statistics for biologists
may be useful.
Software and code
Policy information about
availability of computer code
Data collection
Custom MATLAB(2017 b) code, Lickometer (Dialog Instrument), BioDaq, Med-PC V (Med Associates) was used for data collection.
Data analysis
Custom MATLAB(2017 b) code, GraphPad Prism 7.02, Leica LAS X, Photoshop CC 2017, Microsoft Excel 2016 were used to analyze data
.
Code is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request
For manuscripts utilizing custom algorithms or software that are central to the research but not yet described in published lit
erature, software must be made available to editors/reviewers
upon request. We strongly encourage code deposition in a community repository (e.g. GitHub). See the Nature Research
guidelines for submitting code & software
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Data
Policy information about
availability of data
All manuscripts must include a
data availability statement
. This statement should provide the following information, where applicable:
- Accession codes, unique identifiers, or web links for publicly available datasets
- A list of figures that have associated raw data
- A description of any restrictions on data availability
Data and code is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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nature research | reporting summary
April 2018
Field-specific reporting
Please select the best fit for your research. If you are not sure, read the appropriate sections before making your selection.
Life sciences
Behavioural & social sciences
Ecological, evolutionary & environmental sciences
For a reference copy of the document with all sections, see
nature.com/authors/policies/ReportingSummary-flat.pdf
Life sciences study design
All studies must disclose on these points even when the disclosure is negative.
Sample size
No statistics to determine sample size were used. Sample size is similar to recent papers in
behavioural neuroscience.
Data exclusions
All data were included if virus expression is verified.
Replication
Essential behavioral and histological results were indepedently replicated by more than two lab
members.
Randomization
No statistical randomization methods were used. However, mice used for data collection
were both males and females, at least 6 weeks of age
Blinding
No blinding was used for data collection. However, we used double-blind test for replicating key results.
Reporting for specific materials, systems and methods
Materials & experimental systems
n/a
Involved in the study
Unique biological materials
Antibodies
Eukaryotic cell lines
Palaeontology
Animals and other organisms
Human research participants
Methods
n/a
Involved in the study
ChIP-seq
Flow cytometry
MRI-based neuroimaging
Antibodies
Antibodies used
goat anti-c-Fos (1:500, Santa Cruz, SC-52G,Lot# K1616), rabbit anti-c-Fos (1:1000, Millipore, ABE457, Lot# 3116957), rabbit ant
i-
GAD65+GAD67 (1:500, Abcam, ab183999, Lot# GR260178-1), chicken anti-GFP (1:1000, Abcam, ab13970, Lot# GR3190550-1),
rat anti-mCherry (1:500, Thermo Fisher, M11217,Lot# S1259077), sheep anti-Foxp2 (1:2000, R&D systems, AF5647, Lot#
CCUB0109061) , and rabbit anti-HSD2 (1:300, proteintech, 14192-1-AP, Lot# 00005269). The following secondary antibodies
were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch. Cy™3 donkey anti-goat IgG (1:500, 705-165-147), Alexa Fluor® 647 donkey anti-
goat IgG (1:500,705-605-147), Alexa Fluor® 488 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (1:500, 711-545-152), Cy™3 donkey anti-rabbit IgG
(1:500, 711-165-152), Alexa Fluor® 488 donkey anti-chicken IgY (1:500, 703-545-155), Cy™3 donkey anti-Rat IgG (1:500,
712-165-150), Alexa Fluor® 647 donkey anti-sheep (1:500, 713-605-147).
Validation
All antibodies were purchased from vendors in the USA. These products are normally quality controlled at the company.
Furthermore, the antibodies were validated and used in previous studies. Goat anti-c-Fos, Rabbit anti-GAD65+GAD67, rat anti-
mCherry, and chicken anti-GFP antibodies were used in Nature 555.7695 (2018): 204. Rabbit anti-c-Fos and sheep anti-Foxp2
antibody were used in Neuron 96.1 (2017): 190-206. Rabbit anti-HSD2 antibody was validated from Endocrine connections
(2015): EC-15. Nevertheless, we characterized and validated their signals in the brain regions known to express these genes pri
or
to experiments.
Animals and other organisms
Policy information about
studies involving animals
;
ARRIVE guidelines
recommended for reporting animal research
Laboratory animals
Animals were both males and females, at least 6 weeks of age. The following mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory:
C57BL/6J, stock number 00064. Slc17a6-Cre, stock number 016963. Ai75D, stock number 025106, Ai3, stock number 007903.
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nature research | reporting summary
April 2018
HSD2-Cre mice were provided by A. and G. Fejes-Tóth (Dartmouth Medical School). PDYN-GFP mice were provided by D. Kong
(Tufts University School of Medicine). PDYN-Cre mice were provided by B. Lowell (Harvard Medical School) and M. Krashes (NIH).
Ai110 line was provided by D. Anderson (Caltech).
Wild animals
This study did not involve wild animals.
Field-collected samples
This study did not involve samples collected from the field.