CaltechAUTHORS
Published April 24, 2025 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

Interacting dark sector within ETHOS: Cosmological constraints from SPT cluster abundance with DES and HST weak lensing data

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Technical University of Munich
  • 2. ROR icon Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
  • 3. ROR icon Excellence Cluster Origins
  • 4. ROR icon Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
  • 5. ROR icon University of Cambridge
  • 6. ROR icon Argonne National Laboratory
  • 7. ROR icon University of Chicago
  • 8. ROR icon Universität Innsbruck
  • 9. ROR icon University of Bonn
  • 10. ROR icon Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia
  • 11. ROR icon Fermilab
  • 12. ROR icon Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
  • 13. ROR icon SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
  • 14. ROR icon University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
  • 15. ROR icon University College London
  • 16. ROR icon Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
  • 17. ROR icon University of La Laguna
  • 18. ROR icon National Center for Supercomputing Applications
  • 19. ROR icon Institute for High Energy Physics
  • 20. ROR icon Trieste Astronomical Observatory
  • 21. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste
  • 22. ROR icon Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe
  • 23. ROR icon University of Queensland
  • 24. ROR icon University of Hyderabad
  • 25. ROR icon Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
  • 26. ROR icon Carnegie Mellon University
  • 27. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 28. ROR icon Institute for Theoretical Physics
  • 29. ROR icon University of Cincinnati
  • 30. ROR icon Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • 31. ROR icon Australian Astronomical Observatory
  • 32. ROR icon Lowell Observatory
  • 33. ROR icon Universidade de São Paulo
  • 34. ROR icon Durham University
  • 35. ROR icon Texas A&M University
  • 36. ROR icon Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
  • 37. ROR icon Princeton University
  • 38. ROR icon National Observatory
  • 39. ROR icon Universität Hamburg
  • 40. ROR icon Ruhr University Bochum
  • 41. ROR icon University of Melbourne
  • 42. ROR icon University of Sussex
  • 43. ROR icon Northeastern University
  • 44. ROR icon Lancaster University
  • 45. ROR icon Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  • 46. ROR icon Case Western Reserve University
  • 47. ROR icon University of California, Berkeley
  • 48. ROR icon Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  • 49. ROR icon University of Southampton

Abstract

We use galaxy cluster abundance measurements from the South Pole Telescope enhanced by multicomponent matched filter confirmation and complemented with mass information obtained using weak-lensing data from Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3) and targeted Hubble Space Telescope observations for probing deviations from the cold dark matter paradigm. Concretely, we consider a class of dark sector models featuring interactions between dark matter (DM) and a dark radiation (DR) component within the framework of the effective theory of structure formation (ETHOS). We focus on scenarios that lead to power suppression over a wide range of scales, and thus can be tested with data sensitive to large scales, as realized, for example, for DM–DR interactions following from an unbroken non-Abelian SU(N) gauge theory (interaction rate with power-law index n=0 within the ETHOS parametrization). Cluster abundance measurements are mostly sensitive to the amount of DR interacting with DM, parametrized by the ratio of DR temperature to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature, ξDR=TDR/TCMB. We find an upper limit ξDR<17% at 95% credibility. When the cluster data are combined with Planck 2018 CMB data along with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements we find ξDR<10%, corresponding to a limit on the abundance of interacting DR that is around 3 times tighter than that from CMB + BAO data alone. We also discuss the complementarity of weak lensing informed cluster abundance studies with probes sensitive to smaller scales, explore the impact on our analysis of massive neutrinos, and comment on a slight preference for the presence of a nonzero interacting DR abundance, which enables a physical solution to the S₈ tension.

Copyright and License

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Acknowledgement

We acknowledge support by the Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, which is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy–EXC-2094–390783311. We acknowledge support from the Max Planck Society Faculty Fellowship program at MPE, the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, and the Technical University of Munich. The analysis was carried out at the Computational Center for Particle and Astrophysics (C2PAP) which is a computing facility from ORIGINS. Asmaa Mazoun thanks the mentoring program of ORIGINS; especially, Amelia Bayo Aran for her valuable advice. The Innsbruck authors acknowledge support provided by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) and the Federal Ministry of the Republic of Austria for Climate Action, Environment, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (BMK) via the Austrian Space Applications Programme with Grants No. 899537, No. 900565, and No. 911971. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. This was based in part on observations at NSF Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. F.), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. AST-1138766 and No. AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under Grants No. PID2021-123012, No. PID2021-128989, No. PID2022-141079, No. SEV-2016-0588, No. CEX2020-001058-M, and No. CEX2020-001007-S, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq Grant No. 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Grants No. OPP-1852617 and No. 2332483. Partial support is also provided by the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago. Work at Argonne National Lab is supported by UChicago Argonne LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, using imaging data from the SPT follow-up GO Programs No. 12246 (PI: C. S.), No. 12477 (PI: F. W. H.), No. 13412 (PI: T. S.), No. 14252 (PI: V. S.), No. 14352 (PI: J. H.-L.), and No. 14677 (PI: T. S.). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA Contract No. NAS 5-26555. It is also based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under Programs No. 086.A-0741 (PI: Bazin), No. 088.A-0796 (PI: Bazin), No. 088.A-0889 (PI: Mohr), No. 089.A-0824 (PI: Mohr), No. 0100.A-0204 (PI: Schrabback), No. 0100.A-0217 (PI: Hernández-Martín), No. 0101.A-0694 (PI: Zohren), and No. 0102.A-0189 (PI: Zohren). It is also based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea), under Programs No. 2014B-0338 and No. 2016B-0176 (PI: B. B.).

Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this article are openly available [12,55–58].

Files

PhysRevD.111.083543.pdf

Files (2.0 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:1c3dee5c1e4e1568c666a5aa44228f2e
2.0 MB Preview Download

Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2411.19911 (arXiv)

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Austrian Research Promotion Agency
Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilität, Innovation und Technologie
899537
Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilität, Innovation und Technologie
900565
Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilität, Innovation und Technologie
911971
National Science Foundation
AST-1138766
National Science Foundation
AST-1536171
United States Department of Energy
DE-SC0020247
United States Department of Energy
DE-AC02-07CH11359
David and Lucile Packard Foundation
United States Department of Energy
DE-AC02-06CH11357
National Science Foundation
OPP-1852617
National Science Foundation
OPP-2332483
National Science Foundation
2012B-0001
National Science Foundation
AST-1138766
National Science Foundation
AST-1536171
Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
ESP2017-89838
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
PGC2018-094773
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
PGC2018-102021
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
SEV-2016-0588
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
SEV-2016-0597
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
MDM-2015-0509
Science and Technology Facilities Council
Research England
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University
Mitchell Institute
Texas A&M University
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
465376/2014-2
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
Argonne National Laboratory
University of California, Santa Cruz
University of Cambridge
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
University of Chicago
University College London
University of Edinburgh
ETH Zurich
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Institut de Física d'Altes Energies
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
University of Nottingham
The Ohio State University
University of Pennsylvania
University of Portsmouth
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Stanford University
University of Sussex
European Commission
European Commission
CERCA Institution
Government of Catalonia
European Research Council
240672
European Research Council
291329
European Research Council
306478
European Commission
FP7/2007-2013
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia: Física Nuclear e Aplicações
Office of Science
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
European Space Agency
12246
European Space Agency
12477
European Space Agency
13412
European Space Agency
14252
European Space Agency
14352
European Space Agency
14677
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NAS 5-26555
Gemini Observatory
National Research Council Canada
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
2014B-0338
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
2016B-0176
Excellence Cluster ORIGINS
Germany's Excellence Strategy
EXC-2094–390783311
DES-Brazil Consortium
Institut de Ciències de l'Espai
Excellence Cluster Universe
OzDES Membership Consortium
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
La Silla Paranal Observatory
086.A-0741
La Silla Paranal Observatory
088.A-0796
La Silla Paranal Observatory
088.A-0889
La Silla Paranal Observatory
089.A-0824
La Silla Paranal Observatory
0100.A-0204
La Silla Paranal Observatory
0100.A-0217
La Silla Paranal Observatory
0101.A-0694
La Silla Paranal Observatory
0102.A-0189

Dates

Accepted
2025-03-04

Caltech Custom Metadata

Caltech groups
Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published