Effects of Data Quality Vetoes on a Search for
Compact Binary Coalescences in Advanced LIGO’s
First Observing Run
B P Abbott
1
, R Abbott
1
, T D Abbott
2
, M R Abernathy
3
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F Acernese
4
,
5
, K Ackley
6
, C Adams
7
, T Adams
8
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P Addesso
9
, R X Adhikari
1
, V B Adya
10
, C Affeldt
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M Agathos
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, K Agatsuma
11
, N Aggarwal
12
, O D Aguiar
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L Aiello
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,
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, A Ain
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, B Allen
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,
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, A Allocca
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20
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P A Altin
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, S B Anderson
1
, W G Anderson
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, K Arai
1
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M C Araya
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, C C Arceneaux
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, J S Areeda
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, N Arnaud
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K G Arun
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, S Ascenzi
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15
, G Ashton
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, M Ast
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S M Aston
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, P Astone
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, P Aufmuth
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, C Aulbert
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S Babak
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, P Bacon
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, M K M Bader
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, P T Baker
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F Baldaccini
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, G Ballardin
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J C Barayoga
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, S E Barclay
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, B C Barish
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F Barone
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5
, B Barr
37
, L Barsotti
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, M Barsuglia
31
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D Barta
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, J Bartlett
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, I Bartos
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, R Bassiri
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, A Basti
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20
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J C Batch
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, C Baune
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, V Bavigadda
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, M Bazzan
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M Bejger
44
, A S Bell
37
, B K Berger
1
, G Bergmann
10
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C P L Berry
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, D Bersanetti
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47
, A Bertolini
11
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J Betzwieser
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, S Bhagwat
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, R Bhandare
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, I A Bilenko
49
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G Billingsley
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, J Birch
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, R Birney
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, S Biscans
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A Bisht
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, M Bitossi
35
, C Biwer
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, M A Bizouard
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J K Blackburn
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, C D Blair
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, R M Blair
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, O Bock
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, M Boer
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, C Bogan
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A Bohe
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, C Bond
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, F Bondu
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, R Bonnand
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, B A Boom
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, V Boschi
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, S Bose
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16
, Y Bouffanais
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A Bozzi
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, C Bradaschia
20
, P R Brady
17
, V B Braginsky
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M Branchesi
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, J E Brau
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, T Briant
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, A Brillet
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M Brinkmann
10
, V Brisson
24
, P Brockill
17
, J E Broida
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A F Brooks
1
, D A Brown
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, N M Brown
12
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, C C Buchanan
2
, A Buikema
12
, T Bulik
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11
, A Buonanno
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, C Buy
31
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, L Cadonati
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, G Cagnoli
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, J Calder ́on Bustillo
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, T Callister
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5
, J B Camp
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, K C Cannon
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, J Cao
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31
, F Carbognani
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, S Caride
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, L Cerboni Baiardi
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, G Cerretani
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26
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, S J Chamberlin
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, M Chan
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, S Chao
73
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P Charlton
74
, E Chassande-Mottin
31
, B D Cheeseboro
75
,
arXiv:1710.02185v3 [gr-qc] 7 Nov 2017
Data Quality for CBC Searches in O1
2
H Y Chen
76
, Y Chen
77
, C Cheng
73
, A Chincarini
47
,
A Chiummo
35
, H S Cho
78
, M Cho
63
, J H Chow
21
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N Christensen
60
, Q Chu
51
, S Chua
59
, S Chung
51
, G Ciani
6
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F Clara
38
, J A Clark
64
, F Cleva
53
, E Coccia
26
,
14
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P-F Cohadon
59
, A Colla
79
,
29
, C G Collette
80
, L Cominsky
81
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M Constancio Jr.
13
, A Conte
79
,
29
, L Conti
43
, D Cook
38
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T R Corbitt
2
, N Cornish
32
, A Corsi
71
, S Cortese
35
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C A Costa
13
, M W Coughlin
60
, S B Coughlin
82
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J-P Coulon
53
, S T Countryman
40
, P Couvares
1
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E E Cowan
64
, D M Coward
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, M J Cowart
7
, D C Coyne
1
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R Coyne
71
, K Craig
37
, J D E Creighton
17
, J Cripe
2
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S G Crowder
83
, A Cumming
37
, L Cunningham
37
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E Cuoco
35
, T Dal Canton
10
, S L Danilishin
37
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S D’Antonio
15
, K Danzmann
18
,
10
, N S Darman
84
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A Dasgupta
85
, C F Da Silva Costa
6
, V Dattilo
35
, I Dave
48
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M Davier
24
, G S Davies
37
, E J Daw
86
, R Day
35
, S De
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D DeBra
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, G Debreczeni
39
, J Degallaix
65
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M De Laurentis
67
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, S Del ́eglise
59
, W Del Pozzo
45
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T Denker
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, T Dent
10
, V Dergachev
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, R De Rosa
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R T DeRosa
7
, R DeSalvo
9
, R C Devine
75
, S Dhurandhar
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87
, L Di Fiore
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, M Di Giovanni
88
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67
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, A Di Lieto
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, S Di Pace
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, A Di Virgilio
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, V Dolique
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F Donovan
12
, K L Dooley
22
, S Doravari
10
, R Douglas
37
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T P Downes
17
, M Drago
10
, R W P Drever
1
, J C Driggers
38
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M Ducrot
8
, S E Dwyer
38
, T B Edo
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, M C Edwards
60
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A Effler
7
, H-B Eggenstein
10
, P Ehrens
1
, J Eichholz
6
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1
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S S Eikenberry
6
, W Engels
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, R C Essick
12
, T Etzel
1
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M Evans
12
, T M Evans
7
, R Everett
72
, M Factourovich
40
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V Fafone
26
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15
, H Fair
36
, S Fairhurst
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, X Fan
70
, Q Fang
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S Farinon
47
, B Farr
76
, W M Farr
45
, M Favata
91
, M Fays
90
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H Fehrmann
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, M M Fejer
41
, E Fenyvesi
92
, I Ferrante
19
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E C Ferreira
13
, F Ferrini
35
, F Fidecaro
19
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20
, I Fiori
35
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D Fiorucci
31
, R P Fisher
36
, R Flaminio
65
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93
, M Fletcher
37
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J-D Fournier
53
, S Frasca
79
,
29
, F Frasconi
20
, Z Frei
92
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A Freise
45
, R Frey
58
, V Frey
24
, P Fritschel
12
, V V Frolov
7
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P Fulda
6
, M Fyffe
7
, H A G Gabbard
22
, J R Gair
94
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L Gammaitoni
33
, S G Gaonkar
16
, F Garufi
67
,
5
, G Gaur
95
,
85
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N Gehrels
68
, G Gemme
47
, P Geng
87
, E Genin
35
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A Gennai
20
, J George
48
, L Gergely
96
, V Germain
8
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Abhirup Ghosh
97
, Archisman Ghosh
97
, S Ghosh
52
,
11
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J A Giaime
2
,
7
, K D Giardina
7
, A Giazotto
20
, K Gill
98
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A Glaefke
37
, E Goetz
38
, R Goetz
6
, L Gondan
92
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G Gonz ́alez
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, J M Gonzalez Castro
19
,
20
, A Gopakumar
99
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N A Gordon
37
, M L Gorodetsky
49
, S E Gossan
1
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M Gosselin
35
, R Gouaty
8
, A Grado
100
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5
, C Graef
37
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P B Graff
63
, M Granata
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, A Grant
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, S Gras
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, C Gray
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G Greco
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,
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, A C Green
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, P Groot
52
, H Grote
10
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S Grunewald
30
, G M Guidi
56
,
57
, X Guo
70
, A Gupta
16
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Data Quality for CBC Searches in O1
3
M K Gupta
85
, K E Gushwa
1
, E K Gustafson
1
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R Gustafson
101
, J J Hacker
23
, B R Hall
55
, E D Hall
1
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G Hammond
37
, M Haney
99
, M M Hanke
10
, J Hanks
38
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M D Hannam
90
, J Hanson
7
, T Hardwick
2
, J Harms
56
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57
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G M Harry
3
, I W Harry
30
, M J Hart
37
, M T Hartman
6
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C-J Haster
45
, K Haughian
37
, A Heidmann
59
, M C Heintze
7
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H Heitmann
53
, P Hello
24
, G Hemming
35
, M Hendry
37
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I S Heng
37
, J Hennig
37
, J Henry
102
, A W Heptonstall
1
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M Heurs
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18
, S Hild
37
, D Hoak
35
, D Hofman
65
, K Holt
7
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D E Holz
76
, P Hopkins
90
, J Hough
37
, E A Houston
37
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E J Howell
51
, Y M Hu
10
, S Huang
73
, E A Huerta
103
,
D Huet
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, B Hughey
98
, S Husa
104
, S H Huttner
37
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T Huynh-Dinh
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, N Indik
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, D R Ingram
38
, R Inta
71
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H N Isa
37
, J-M Isac
59
, M Isi
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, T Isogai
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, B R Iyer
97
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K Izumi
38
, T Jacqmin
59
, H Jang
78
, K Jani
64
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P Jaranowski
105
, S Jawahar
106
, L Jian
51
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F Jim ́enez-Forteza
104
, W W Johnson
2
, D I Jones
27
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R Jones
37
, R J G Jonker
11
, L Ju
51
, Haris K
107
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C V Kalaghatgi
90
, V Kalogera
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, S Kandhasamy
22
,
G Kang
78
, J B Kanner
1
, S J Kapadia
10
, S Karki
58
,
K S Karvinen
10
, M Kasprzack
35
,
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, E Katsavounidis
12
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W Katzman
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, S Kaufer
18
, T Kaur
51
, K Kawabe
38
,
F K ́ef ́elian
53
, M S Kehl
108
, D Keitel
104
, D B Kelley
36
,
W Kells
1
, R Kennedy
86
, J S Key
87
, F Y Khalili
49
, I Khan
14
,
S Khan
90
, Z Khan
85
, E A Khazanov
109
, N Kijbunchoo
38
,
Chi-Woong Kim
78
, Chunglee Kim
78
, J Kim
110
, K Kim
111
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N Kim
41
, W Kim
112
, Y-M Kim
110
, S J Kimbrell
64
,
E J King
112
, P J King
38
, J S Kissel
38
, B Klein
82
,
L Kleybolte
28
, S Klimenko
6
, S M Koehlenbeck
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11
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V Kondrashov
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, A Kontos
12
, M Korobko
28
, W Z Korth
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, D B Kozak
1
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, B Krishnan
10
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A Kr ́olak
113
,
114
, C Krueger
18
, G Kuehn
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, P Kumar
108
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R Kumar
85
, L Kuo
73
, A Kutynia
113
, B D Lackey
36
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M Landry
38
, J Lange
102
, B Lantz
41
, P D Lasky
115
,
M Laxen
7
, A Lazzarini
1
, C Lazzaro
43
, P Leaci
79
,
29
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S Leavey
37
, E O Lebigot
31
,
70
, C H Lee
110
, H K Lee
111
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H M Lee
116
, K Lee
37
, A Lenon
36
, M Leonardi
88
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89
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J R Leong
10
, N Leroy
24
, N Letendre
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, Y Levin
115
,
J B Lewis
1
, T G F Li
117
, A Libson
12
, T B Littenberg
118
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N A Lockerbie
106
, A L Lombardi
119
, L T London
90
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J E Lord
36
, M Lorenzini
14
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, V Loriette
120
, M Lormand
7
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, J D Lough
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18
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36
, R M Magee
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, E Majorana
29
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I Maksimovic
120
, V Malvezzi
26
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, N Man
53
, V Mandic
83
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121
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, Z M ́arka
40
,
A S Markosyan
41
, E Maros
1
, F Martelli
56
,
57
, L Martellini
53
,
Data Quality for CBC Searches in O1
4
I W Martin
37
, D V Martynov
12
, J N Marx
1
, K Mason
12
,
A Masserot
8
, T J Massinger
36
, M Masso-Reid
37
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S Mastrogiovanni
79
,
29
, F Matichard
12
, L Matone
40
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N Mavalvala
12
, N Mazumder
55
, R McCarthy
38
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D E McClelland
21
, S McCormick
7
, S C McGuire
122
,
G McIntyre
1
, J McIver
1
, D J McManus
21
, T McRae
21
,
S T McWilliams
75
, D Meacher
72
, G D Meadors
30
,
10
,
J Meidam
11
, A Melatos
84
, G Mendell
38
, R A Mercer
17
,
E L Merilh
38
, M Merzougui
53
, S Meshkov
1
, C Messenger
37
,
C Messick
72
, R Metzdorff
59
, P M Meyers
83
, F Mezzani
29
,
79
,
H Miao
45
, C Michel
65
, H Middleton
45
, E E Mikhailov
123
,
L Milano
67
,
5
, A L Miller
6
,
79
,
29
, A Miller
82
, B B Miller
82
,
J Miller
12
, M Millhouse
32
, Y Minenkov
15
, J Ming
30
,
S Mirshekari
124
, C Mishra
97
, S Mitra
16
, V P Mitrofanov
49
,
G Mitselmakher
6
, R Mittleman
12
, A Moggi
20
, M Mohan
35
,
S R P Mohapatra
12
, M Montani
56
,
57
, B C Moore
91
,
C J Moore
125
, D Moraru
38
, G Moreno
38
, S R Morriss
87
,
K Mossavi
10
, B Mours
8
, C M Mow-Lowry
45
, G Mueller
6
,
A W Muir
90
, Arunava Mukherjee
97
, D Mukherjee
17
,
S Mukherjee
87
, N Mukund
16
, A Mullavey
7
, J Munch
112
,
D J Murphy
40
, P G Murray
37
, A Mytidis
6
,
I Nardecchia
26
,
15
, L Naticchioni
79
,
29
, R K Nayak
126
,
K Nedkova
119
, G Nelemans
52
,
11
, T J N Nelson
7
, M Neri
46
,
47
,
A Neunzert
101
, G Newton
37
, T T Nguyen
21
, A B Nielsen
10
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S Nissanke
52
,
11
, A Nitz
10
, F Nocera
35
, D Nolting
7
,
M E N Normandin
87
, L K Nuttall
36
, J Oberling
38
,
E Ochsner
17
, J O’Dell
127
, E Oelker
12
, G H Ogin
128
,
J J Oh
129
, S H Oh
129
, F Ohme
90
, M Oliver
104
,
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10
, Richard J Oram
7
, B O’Reilly
7
,
R O’Shaughnessy
102
, D J Ottaway
112
, H Overmier
7
,
B J Owen
71
, A Pai
107
, S A Pai
48
, J R Palamos
58
,
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109
, C Palomba
29
, A Pal-Singh
28
, H Pan
73
,
C Pankow
82
, F Pannarale
90
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48
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35
,
20
,
A Paoli
35
, M A Papa
30
,
17
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10
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41
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7
,
D Pascucci
37
, A Pasqualetti
35
, R Passaquieti
19
,
20
,
D Passuello
20
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19
,
20
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41
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B L Pearlstone
37
, M Pedraza
1
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65
,
130
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L Pekowsky
36
, A Pele
7
, S Penn
131
, A Perreca
1
, L M Perri
82
,
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37
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79
,
29
, M Pichot
53
,
F Piergiovanni
56
,
57
, V Pierro
9
, G Pillant
35
, L Pinard
65
,
I M Pinto
9
, M Pitkin
37
, M Poe
17
, R Poggiani
19
,
20
,
P Popolizio
35
, A Post
10
, J Powell
37
, J Prasad
16
, J Pratt
98
,
V Predoi
90
, T Prestegard
83
, L R Price
1
, M Prijatelj
10
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35
,
M Principe
9
, S Privitera
30
, R Prix
10
, G A Prodi
88
,
89
,
L Prokhorov
49
, O Puncken
10
, M Punturo
34
, P Puppo
29
,
M P ̈urrer
30
, H Qi
17
, J Qin
51
, S Qiu
115
, V Quetschke
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E A Quintero
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58
, F J Raab
38
,
D S Rabeling
21
, H Radkins
38
, P Raffai
92
, S Raja
48
,
C Rajan
48
, M Rakhmanov
87
, P Rapagnani
79
,
29
,
Data Quality for CBC Searches in O1
5
V Raymond
30
, M Razzano
19
,
20
, V Re
26
, J Read
23
,
C M Reed
38
, T Regimbau
53
, L Rei
47
, S Reid
50
,
D H Reitze
1
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6
, H Rew
123
, S D Reyes
36
, F Ricci
79
,
29
,
K Riles
101
, M Rizzo
102
, N A Robertson
1
,
37
, R Robie
37
,
F Robinet
24
, A Rocchi
15
, L Rolland
8
, J G Rollins
1
,
V J Roma
58
, J D Romano
87
, R Romano
4
,
5
, G Romanov
123
,
J H Romie
7
, D Rosi ́nska
132
,
44
, S Rowan
37
, A R ̈udiger
10
,
P Ruggi
35
, K Ryan
38
, S Sachdev
1
, T Sadecki
38
,
L Sadeghian
17
, M Sakellariadou
133
, L Salconi
35
,
M Saleem
107
, F Salemi
10
, A Samajdar
126
, L Sammut
115
,
E J Sanchez
1
, V Sandberg
38
, B Sandeen
82
, J R Sanders
36
,
B Sassolas
65
, B S Sathyaprakash
90
, P R Saulson
36
,
O E S Sauter
101
, R L Savage
38
, A Sawadsky
18
, P Schale
58
,
R Schilling
†
10
, J Schmidt
10
, P Schmidt
1
,
77
, R Schnabel
28
,
R M S Schofield
58
, A Sch ̈onbeck
28
, E Schreiber
10
,
D Schuette
10
,
18
, B F Schutz
90
,
30
, J Scott
37
, S M Scott
21
,
D Sellers
7
, A S Sengupta
95
, D Sentenac
35
, V Sequino
26
,
15
,
A Sergeev
109
, Y Setyawati
52
,
11
, D A Shaddock
21
,
T Shaffer
38
, M S Shahriar
82
, M Shaltev
10
, B Shapiro
41
,
P Shawhan
63
, A Sheperd
17
, D H Shoemaker
12
,
D M Shoemaker
64
, K Siellez
64
, X Siemens
17
,
M Sieniawska
44
, D Sigg
38
, A D Silva
13
, A Singer
1
,
L P Singer
68
, A Singh
30
,
10
,
18
, R Singh
2
, A Singhal
14
,
A M Sintes
104
, B J J Slagmolen
21
, J R Smith
23
,
N D Smith
1
, R J E Smith
1
, E J Son
129
, B Sorazu
37
,
F Sorrentino
47
, T Souradeep
16
, A K Srivastava
85
,
A Staley
40
, M Steinke
10
, J Steinlechner
37
, S Steinlechner
37
,
D Steinmeyer
10
,
18
, B C Stephens
17
, R Stone
87
,
K A Strain
37
, N Straniero
65
, G Stratta
56
,
57
, N A Strauss
60
,
S Strigin
49
, R Sturani
124
, A L Stuver
7
,
T Z Summerscales
134
, L Sun
84
, S Sunil
85
, P J Sutton
90
,
B L Swinkels
35
, M J Szczepa ́nczyk
98
, M Tacca
31
,
D Talukder
58
, D B Tanner
6
, M T ́apai
96
, S P Tarabrin
10
,
A Taracchini
30
, R Taylor
1
, T Theeg
10
,
M P Thirugnanasambandam
1
, E G Thomas
45
, M Thomas
7
,
P Thomas
38
, K A Thorne
7
, E Thrane
115
, S Tiwari
14
,
89
,
V Tiwari
90
, K V Tokmakov
106
, K Toland
37
, C Tomlinson
86
,
M Tonelli
19
,
20
, Z Tornasi
37
, C V Torres
‡
87
, C I Torrie
1
,
D T ̈oyr ̈a
45
, F Travasso
33
,
34
, G Traylor
7
, D Trifir`o
22
,
M C Tringali
88
,
89
, L Trozzo
135
,
20
, M Tse
12
, M Turconi
53
,
D Tuyenbayev
87
, D Ugolini
136
, C S Unnikrishnan
99
,
A L Urban
17
, S A Usman
36
, H Vahlbruch
18
, G Vajente
1
,
G Valdes
87
, N van Bakel
11
, M van Beuzekom
11
,
J F J van den Brand
62
,
11
, C Van Den Broeck
11
,
D C Vander-Hyde
36
, L van der Schaaf
11
,
J V van Heijningen
11
, A A van Veggel
37
, M Vardaro
42
,
43
,
S Vass
1
, M Vas ́uth
39
, R Vaulin
12
, A Vecchio
45
,
G Vedovato
43
, J Veitch
45
, P J Veitch
112
, K Venkateswara
137
,
D Verkindt
8
, F Vetrano
56
,
57
, A Vicer ́e
56
,
57
, S Vinciguerra
45
,
Data Quality for CBC Searches in O1
6
D J Vine
50
, J-Y Vinet
53
, S Vitale
12
, T Vo
36
, H Vocca
33
,
34
,
C Vorvick
38
, D V Voss
6
, W D Vousden
45
,
S P Vyatchanin
49
, A R Wade
21
, L E Wade
138
, M Wade
138
,
M Walker
2
, L Wallace
1
, S Walsh
30
,
10
, G Wang
14
,
57
,
H Wang
45
, M Wang
45
, X Wang
70
, Y Wang
51
, R L Ward
21
,
J Warner
38
, M Was
8
, B Weaver
38
, L-W Wei
53
,
M Weinert
10
, A J Weinstein
1
, R Weiss
12
, L Wen
51
,
P Weßels
10
, T Westphal
10
, K Wette
10
, J T Whelan
102
,
B F Whiting
6
, R D Williams
1
, A R Williamson
90
,
J L Willis
139
, B Willke
18
,
10
, M H Wimmer
10
,
18
,
W Winkler
10
, C C Wipf
1
, H Wittel
10
,
18
, G Woan
37
,
J Woehler
10
, J Worden
38
, J L Wright
37
, D S Wu
10
, G Wu
7
,
J Yablon
82
, W Yam
12
, H Yamamoto
1
, C C Yancey
63
,
H Yu
12
, M Yvert
8
, A Zadro ̇zny
113
, L Zangrando
43
,
M Zanolin
98
, J-P Zendri
43
, M Zevin
82
, L Zhang
1
,
M Zhang
123
, Y Zhang
102
, C Zhao
51
, M Zhou
82
, Z Zhou
82
,
X J Zhu
51
, M E Zucker
1
,
12
, S E Zuraw
119
, and J Zweizig
1
(LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)
∗
Deceased, March 2016.
†
Deceased, May 2015.
‡
Deceased, March 2015.
1
LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
2
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
3
American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
4
Universit`a di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
5
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126
Napoli, Italy
6
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
7
LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
8
Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Universit ́e
Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
9
University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione
di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
10
Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut f ̈ur Gravitationsphysik, D-30167
Hannover, Germany
11
Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
12
LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
13
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 S ̃ao Jos ́e dos Campos,
S ̃ao Paulo, Brazil
14
INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
15
INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
16
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
17
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
18
Leibniz Universit ̈at Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
19
Universit`a di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
20
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
21
Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200,
Australia
22
The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
23
California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
24
LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Universit ́e Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
25
Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
26
Universit`a di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
27
University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
28
Universit ̈at Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
29
INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
30
Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut f ̈ur Gravitationsphysik, D-14476
Potsdam-Golm, Germany
Data Quality for CBC Searches in O1
7
31
APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Universit ́e Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3,
CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cit ́e, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13,
France
32
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
33
Universit`a di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
34
INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
35
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
36
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
37
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
38
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
39
Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Mikl ́os ́ut 29-33,
Hungary
40
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
41
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
42
Universit`a di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova,
Italy
43
INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
44
CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
45
University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
46
Universit`a degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
47
INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
48
RRCAT, Indore MP 452013, India
49
Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991,
Russia
50
SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
51
University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
52
Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box
9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
53
Artemis, Universit ́e Cˆote d’Azur, CNRS, Observatoire Cˆote d’Azur, CS 34229,
Nice cedex 4, France
54
Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Universit ́e de Rennes 1, F-35042
Rennes, France
55
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
56
Universit`a degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
57
INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
58
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
59
Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universit ́es, CNRS, ENS-PSL
Research University, Coll`ege de France, F-75005 Paris, France
60
Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
61
Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
62
VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
63
University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
64
Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
65
Laboratoire des Mat ́eriaux Avanc ́es (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622
Villeurbanne, France
66
Universit ́e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
67
Universit`a di Napoli “Federico II,” Complesso Universitario di Monte
S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
68
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
69
RESCEU, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
70
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
71
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
72
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
73
National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of
China
74
Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
75
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
76
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
77
Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Data Quality for CBC Searches in O1
8
78
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
79
Universit`a di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
80
University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
81
Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
82
Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA),
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
83
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
84
The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
85
Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
86
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
87
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
88
Universit`a di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
89
INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123
Povo, Trento, Italy
90
Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
91
Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
92
MTA E ̈otv ̈os University, “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest
1117, Hungary
93
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo
181-8588, Japan
94
School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United
Kingdom
95
Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Gujarat 382424,
India
96
University of Szeged, D ́om t ́er 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
97
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research, Bangalore 560012, India
98
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
99
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
100
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131, Napoli, Italy
101
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
102
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
103
NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
USA
104
Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca,
Spain
105
University of Bia lystok, 15-424 Bia lystok, Poland
106
SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
107
IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
108
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
109
Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
110
Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
111
Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
112
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
113
NCBJ, 05-400
́
Swierk-Otwock, Poland
114
IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
115
Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
116
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
117
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
118
University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
119
University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
120
ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
121
Universit`a di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
122
Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
123
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
124
Instituto de F ́ısica Te ́orica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South
American Institute for Fundamental Research, S ̃ao Paulo SP 01140-070, Brazil
125
University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
126
IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
Data Quality for CBC Searches in O1
9
127
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX,
United Kingdom
128
Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA
129
National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
130
Universit ́e de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon, France
131
Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
132
Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona G ́ora, 65-265 Zielona
G ́ora, Poland
133
King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United
Kingdom
134
Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104, USA
135
Universit`a di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
136
Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA
137
University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
138
Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
139
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699, USA
Abstract.
The first observing run of Advanced LIGO spanned 4 months, from
September 12, 2015 to January 19, 2016, during which gravitational waves were
directly detected from two binary black hole systems, namely GW150914 and
GW151226. Confident detection of gravitational waves requires an understanding
of instrumental transients and artifacts that can reduce the sensitivity of a
search. Studies of the quality of the detector data yield insights into the cause of
instrumental artifacts and data quality vetoes specific to a search are produced
to mitigate the effects of problematic data. In this paper, the systematic removal
of noisy data from analysis time is shown to improve the sensitivity of searches
for compact binary coalescences. The output of the PyCBC pipeline, which is
a python-based code package used to search for gravitational wave signals from
compact binary coalescences, is used as a metric for improvement. GW150914 was
a loud enough signal that removing noisy data did not improve its significance.
However, the removal of data with excess noise decreased the false alarm rate of
GW151226 by more than two orders of magnitude, from 1 in 770 years to less
than 1 in 186000 years.
Data Quality for CBC Searches in O1
10
1. Introduction
The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO) is
comprised of two dual-recycled Michelson interferometers [1] located in Livingston,
LA (L1) and Hanford, WA (H1). A gravitational wave passing through a LIGO
interferometer will induce a strain on spacetime, stretching and squeezing the 4 km
arms and generating an interferometric signal at the antisymmetric port of the
beamsplitter.
Advanced LIGO’s first observing run (O1) lasted from September 12, 2015
to January 19, 2016. A primary goal of this observing run was the detection of
gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences (CBC) [2]. This goal was
achieved with the detections of GW150914 and GW151226, both signals from binary
black hole systems, which mark the first direct detections of gravitational waves [3, 4].
These detections were part of a broader search for CBC signals carried out by multiple
search pipelines during O1 [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] and searches for unmodeled transients
[11, 12, 13, 14].
Searching for gravitational waves requires an understanding of instrumental
features and artifacts that can adversely affect the output of a gravitational wave
search pipeline. Throughout the observing run, noisy data were identified in the form
of data quality (DQ) vetoes to ensure that the analysis pipelines did not analyze data
known to be contaminated with excess noise [15]. These vetoes are discussed further
in Section 4. This study measures the effects of removing data with excess noise on the
output of PyCBC [9, 5, 10], a python-based pipeline used to search for CBC signals.
Section 3 contains a brief description of the PyCBC search pipeline and its internal
DQ features.
Section 2 outlines the data selection and noise characterization processes. The
DQ vetoes that are generated in the noise characterization process are described in
Section 4. The methodology of this study is discussed in Section 5. Section 8 describes
the limiting noise sources for the PyCBC search. This paper focuses on two specific
subsets of the O1 data set. The first data set, from September 12 - October 20, 2015,
was used for background estimation for GW150914. This data set is discussed in
Section 6. The second data set, from December 3, 2015 - January 19, 2016, was used
for background estimation for GW151226. This data set is discussed in Section 7.
2. Data Selection
Data were marked as suitable to be used in a gravitational wave search based on a set
of conditions applied to each detector. The first condition indicates that the detector
is in its nominal configuration or observation state according to software monitors used
to control the instrument. The second condition indicates that no excitations or test
signals are being applied to the instrument and that the instrument is undisturbed.
This condition is set by the on-duty instrument operator on site who is continuously
monitoring the detector performance.
The gravitational wave strain data measured at the output of the detectors are
typically non-stationary and non-Gaussian and contain transient noise artifacts of
varying durations. The longer duration non-stationary data can affect the overall
sensitivity of the search, but they do not result in loud background events as they occur
on a time-scale that is longer than any CBC waveform. The transient noise artifacts,
however, can reduce the sensitivity of CBC searches by producing loud background