Table 4. Sites of the TCCON Network for Which Total Column DeltaD Have Been Retrieveda Data Set Reference Spatial Coverage or Location Period Precision Ny Alesund (Norway) Deutscher et al. [2010] 78.923degreeN, 11.923degreeE March 2005-August 2010 40permil, no winter measurements Bremen (Germany) Messerschmidt et al. [2010] 53.104degreeN, 8.850degreeE March 2005-December 2010 35permil Park Falls (United States) Washenfelder et al. [2006] 45.94degreeN, 90.27degreeW June 2004 to December 2009 35permil Lamont (United States) Washenfelder et al. [2006] 36.60degreeN, 97.49degreeW July 2008 to December 2009 15permil Pasadena (United States) Washenfelder et al. [2006] 34.20degreeN, 118.189degreeW July 2007 to June 2008 15permil Darwin (Australia) Deutscher et al. [2010] 12.43degreeS, 130.89degreeE 2004-2009 7permil Wollongong (Australia) Deutscher et al. [2010] 34.41degreeS, 150.88degreeE 2008-2009 5permil Lauder (New Zealand) Wunch et al. [2010] 45.05degreeS, 169.68degreeE 2004-2009 8permil aThe period indicates that used in our analysis, which can be shorter than the total data set. For all these data sets, model outputs were both collocated and transformed by averaging kernels. Precision estimates as described in Appendix B7.