Table 5. Summary of the Different in Situ Isotopic Data Sets Useda Data Set Reference Level Spatial Coverage or Location Period Precision Measurement Method GNIP-vapor at Vienna IAEA web site surface 48.25degreeN, 16.37degreeE 2001-2003 undocumented undocumented GNIP-vapor at Ankara IAEA web site surface 39.95degreeN, 32.88degreeE 2001-2002 undocumented undocumented GNIP-vapor at Manaus IAEA web site surface 3.12degreeS, 60.02degreeW 1978-1980 undocumented undocumented Sampling at Rehovot Angert et al. [2008] surface 31.9degreeN, 34.65degreeE December 1997, November 1998 1permil cryogenic extraction Sampling at Saclay Risi et al. [2010c] surface 48.73degreeN, 2.17degreeE September 1982 to September 1984 1permil cryogenic extraction Southern Ocean surface samples Uemura et al. [2008] surface Southern Ocean January 2004 1permil cryogenic extraction Picarro in Hawaii Johnson et al. [2011] surface at 680 hPa 19.53degreeN, 155.57degreeW 10 October-6 November 2008 5 to 10 permil Laser spectrometry with Picarro Aircraft in Nebraska Ehhalt et al. [2005] profiles between 1.5 km and 9.2 km 41.83degreeN, 101.67degreeW 1965-1967 1permil cryogenic extraction Aircraft in California, near Santa Barbara Ehhalt et al. [2005] profiles between 15 m to 9.2 km 34.0degreeN, 125.0degreeW 1966-1967 1permil cryogenic extraction Aircraft in California, above the Death Valley Ehhalt et al. [2005] profiles between -30 m and 8.9 km 36.0degreeN, 117.0degreeW 1966-1967 1permil cryogenic extraction Aircraft during CR-AVE Sayres et al. [2010] profiles between 475 hPa and 70 hPa near Costa-Rica (1.4degreeS-29.7degreeN, 95.2degreeW-78.0degreeW) 27 January to 2 February 2006 17permil Laser spectrometry with ICOS Aircraft during TC4 Sayres et al. [2010] profiles between 475 hPa and 70 hPa near Costa-Rica (same region) 3 to 13 August 2007 17permil Laser spectrometry with ICOS Aircraft during TC4 Sayres et al. [2010] profiles between 450 hPa and 70 hPa near Costa-Rica (same region) 3 to 13 August 2007 50permil Laser spectrometry with Hoxotope aFor model-data comparison, model outputs were collocated with each data set at the daily scale.