Reduction of the type Ia supernova host galaxy step in the outer regions of galaxies

Toy, M; Wiseman, P; Sullivan, M; Scolnic, D; Vincenzi, M; Brout, D; Davis, T M; Frohmaier, C; Galbany, L; Lidman, C; Lee, J; Kelsey, L; Kessler, R; Möller, A; Popovic, B; Sánchez, B O; Shah, P; Smith, M; Aguena, M; Allam, S; Alves, O; Bacon, D; Brooks, D; Burke, D L; Rosell, A Carnero; Carretero, J; da Costa, L N; Pereira, M E S; Desai, S; Diehl, H T; Doel, P; Drlica-Wagner, A; Everett, S; Ferrero, I; Flaugher, B; Frieman, J; García-Bellido, J; Gatti, M; Gaztanaga, E; Giannini, G; Gruendl, R A; Gutierrez, G; Hinton, S R; Hollowood, D L; Honscheid, K; James, D J; Kuehn, K; Lahav, O; Lee, S; Marshall, J L; Mena-Fernández, J; Miquel, R; Palmese, A; Pieres, A; Malagón, A A Plazas; Romer, A K; Samuroff, S; Sanchez, E; Cid, D Sanchez; Schubnell, M; Suchyta, E; Swanson, M E C; Tarle, G; Tucker, D L; Vikram, V; Walker, A R; Weaverdyck, N

doi:10.1093/mnras/staf248

Published March 2025 | Version Published

Journal Article Open

Reduction of the type Ia supernova host galaxy step in the outer regions of galaxies

1. University of Southampton
2. Duke University
3. University of Oxford
4. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
5. University of Queensland
6. Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
7. Institute of Space Sciences
8. Australian National University
9. University of Pennsylvania
10. University of Portsmouth
11. University of Chicago
12. Swinburne University of Technology
13. French National Centre for Scientific Research
14. University College London
15. Lancaster University
16. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia
17. Fermilab
18. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
19. Stanford University
20. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
21. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
22. University of La Laguna
23. Institute for High Energy Physics
24. Universität Hamburg
25. Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
26. California Institute of Technology
27. University of Oslo
28. Institute for Theoretical Physics
29. National Center for Supercomputing Applications
30. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
31. University of California, Santa Cruz
32. The Ohio State University
33. Macquarie University
34. Lowell Observatory
35. Jet Propulsion Lab
36. Texas A&M University
37. Laboratory of Subatomic Physics and Cosmology
38. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
39. Carnegie Mellon University
40. National Observatory
41. University of Sussex
42. Northeastern University
43. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
44. University of Zurich
45. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
46. Argonne National Laboratory
47. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
48. University of California, Berkeley
49. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Using 1533 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the 5-yr sample of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we investigate the relationship between the projected galactocentric separation of the SNe and their host galaxies and their light curves and standardization. We show, for the first time, that the difference in SN Ia post-standardization brightnesses between high- and low-mass hosts reduces from 0.078 ± 0.011 mag in the full sample to 0.036 ± 0.018 mag for SNe Ia located in the outer regions of their host galaxies, while increasing to 0.100 ± 0.014 mag for SNe in the inner regions. The difference in the size of the mass step between inner and outer regions is 0.064 ± 0.023 mag. In these inner regions, the step can be reduced (but not removed) using a model where the R_V of dust along the line of sight to the SN changes as a function of galaxy properties. We investigate the remaining difference using the distributions of the SN Ia stretch parameter to test the inferred age of SN progenitors. Comparing red (older) environments only, outer regions have a higher proportion of high-stretch SNe and a more homogeneous stretch distribution. However, this effect cannot explain the reduction in significance of any Hubble residual step in outer regions. We conclude that the standardized distances of SNe Ia located in the outer regions of galaxies are less affected by their global host galaxy properties than those in the inner regions.

Copyright and License

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

We thank the referee for a thoughtful review. All authors have contributed to the drafting of this manuscript. MT devised the project and led the analysis. PW and MS provided scientific guidance and support with the production of the manuscript. MS contributed host galaxy fitting and wrote substantial sections of the manuscript, and PW ran 1D bias corrections and provided the colour and stretch analyses. DS and MV internally reviewed the work and provided extensive feedback. CF, CL, JL, LK, LG, RK, PS, and TD provided comments on the analysis and interpretation. All aforementioned authors as well as AM, BP, BS, DB, and MS contributed to the DES-SN5YR data and methods used in this paper. The remaining authors have made contributions to this paper that include, but are not limited to, the construction of DECam and other aspects of collecting the data; data processing and calibration; developing broadly used methods, codes, and simulations; running the pipelines and validation tests; and promoting the science analysis.

PW and MS acknowledge support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) grants ST/R000506/1 and ST/Y001850/1.

This work was completed in part with resources provided by the University of Chicago’s Research Computing Center.

Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey.

The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NSF NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium.

Based in part on observations at NSF Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.

The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants PID2021-123012, PID2021-128989, PID2022-141079, SEV-2016-0588, CEX2020-001058-M, and CEX2020-001007-S, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya.

We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2).

This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.

Data Availability

All data used in this article are publicly available with the DES-SN5YR data release (Sánchez et al. 2024) at https://github.com/des-science/DES-SN5YR.

Files

staf248.pdf

Files (4.6 MB)

Name	Size	Download all
staf248.pdf md5:faee19edddddcd752f6dcc82e7e5e691	4.6 MB	Preview Download

Additional details

Alternative title: Suppression of the type Ia supernova host galaxy step in the outer regions of galaxies

Is new version of: Discussion Paper: arXiv:2408.03749 (arXiv)
Is supplemented by: Dataset: https://github.com/des-science/DES-SN5YR (URL)

Science and Technology Facilities Council
ST/R000506/1
Science and Technology Facilities Council
ST/Y001850/1
United States Department of Energy
DE-AC02-07CH11359
National Science Foundation
AST-1138766
National Science Foundation
AST-1536171
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
University of Chicago
The Ohio State University
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
PID2021-123012
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
PID2021-128989
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
PID2022-141079
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
SEV-2016-0588
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
CEX2020-001058-M
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
CEX2020-001007-S
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
465376/2014-2

Submitted: 2024-08-07
Accepted: 2025-02-03
Available: 2025-02-18

Published
Available: 2025-03-03

Corrected and typeset

Caltech groups: Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status: Published

	All versions	This version
Views	43	43
Downloads	7	7
Data volume	45.6 MB	45.6 MB

Reduction of the type Ia supernova host galaxy step in the outer regions of galaxies

Copyright and License

Acknowledgement

Data Availability

Files

staf248.pdf

Files (4.6 MB)

Additional details

Additional titles

Related works

Funding

Dates

Caltech Custom Metadata

Reduction of the type Ia supernova host galaxy step in the outer regions of galaxies

Creators

Abstract

Copyright and License

Acknowledgement

Data Availability

Files

staf248.pdf

Files (4.6 MB)

Additional details

Additional titles

Related works

Funding

Dates

Caltech Custom Metadata