Young Suns Exoplanet Survey: Detection of a wide-orbit planetary-mass companion to a solar-type Sco-Cen member

Creators: Bohn, A. J.; Kenworthy, M. A.; Ginski, C.; Manara, C. F.; Pecaut, M. J.; de Boer, J.; Keller, C. U.; Mamajek, E. E.; Meshkat, T.; Reggiani, M.; Todorov, K. O.; Snik, F.

Abstract

The Young Suns Exoplanet Survey consists of a homogeneous sample of 70 young, solar-mass stars located in the Lower Centaurus-Crux subgroup of the Scorpius-Centaurus association with an average age of 15 ± 3 Myr. We report the detection of a co-moving companion around the K3IV star TYC 8998-760-1 (2MASSJ13251211–6456207) that is located at a distance of 94.6 ± 0.3 pc using SPHERE/IRDIS on the VLT. Spectroscopic observations with VLT/X-SHOOTER constrain the mass of the star to 1.00±0.02M⊙ and an age of 16.7±1.4 Myr. The companion TYC 8998-760-1 b is detected at a projected separation of 1.71″, which implies a projected physical separation of 162 au. Photometric measurements ranging from Y to M band provide a mass estimate of 14±3 M_(jup) by comparison to BT-Settl and AMES-dusty isochrones, corresponding to a mass ratio of q = 0.013 ± 0.003 with respect to the primary. We rule out additional companions to TYC 8998-760-1 that are more massive than 12 M_(jup) and farther than 12 au away from the host. Future polarimetric and spectroscopic observations of this system with ground and space based observatories will facilitate testing of formation and evolution scenarios shaping the architecture of the circumstellar environment around this 'young Sun'.

Additional Information

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Accepted 2019 December 5. Received 2019 November 4; in original form 2019 September 6. Published: 18 December 2019. We thank the anonymous referee for the valuable feedback that helped improving the quality of the manuscript. The research of AJB and FS leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under ERC Starting Grant agreement 678194 (FALCONER). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 679633; Exo-Atmos). CFM acknowledges an ESO fellowship. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823823 (DUSTBUSTERS). This work was partly supported by the Deutsche Forschungs-Gemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Ref no. FOR 2634/1 TE 1024/1-1. This study is based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programs 099.C-0698(A), 0103.C-0371(A), and 2103.C-5012(A,B). This research has used the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France (Wenger et al. 2000). This work has used data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This publication makes use of VOSA, developed under the Spanish Virtual Observatory project supported by the Spanish MINECO through grant AyA2017–84089. We used the Python programming language,7 especially the SciPy (Jones et al. 2001), NumPy (Oliphant 2006), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), scikit-image (Van der Walt et al. 2014), scikit-learn (Pedregosa et al. 2012), photutils (Bradley et al. 2016), and astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018) packages. We thank the writers of these software packages for making their work available to the astronomical community.

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