eLife’s
transparent
reporting
form
We
encourage
authors
to
provide
detailed
information
within
their
submission
to
facilitate
the
interpretation
and
replication
of
experiments.
Authors
can
upload
supporting
documentation
to
indicate
the
use
of
appropriate
reporting
guidelines
for
health-related
research
(see
EQUATOR
Network
),
life
science
research
(see
the
BioSharing
Information
Resource
),
or
the
ARRIVE
guidelines
for
reporting
work
involving
animal
research.
Where
applicable,
authors
should
refer
to
any
relevant
reporting
standards
documents
in
this
form.
If
you
have
any
questions,
please
consult
our
Journal
Policies
and/or
contact
us:
editorial@elifesciences.org
.
Sample-size
estimation
●
You
should
state
whether
an
appropriate
sample
size
was
computed
when
the
study
was
being
designed
●
You
should
state
the
statistical
method
of
sample
size
computation
and
any
required
assumptions
●
If
no
explicit
power
analysis
was
used,
you
should
describe
how
you
decided
what
sample
(replicate)
size
(number)
to
use
Please
outline
where
this
information
can
be
found
within
the
submission
(e.g.,
sections
or
figure
legends),
or
explain
why
this
information
doesn’t
apply
to
your
submission:
Because
of
the
unique
context
of
the
clinical
trial,
this
study
was
designed
for
a
single
subject
serving
as
his
or
her
own
control.
Replicates
●
You
should
report
how
often
each
experiment
was
performed
●
You
should
include
a
definition
of
biological
versus
technical
replication
●
The
data
obtained
should
be
provided
and
sufficient
information
should
be
provided
to
indicate
the
number
of
independent
biological
and/or
technical
replicates
●
If
you
encountered
any
outliers,
you
should
describe
how
these
were
handled
●
Criteria
for
exclusion/inclusion
of
data
should
be
clearly
stated
●
High-throughput
sequence
data
should
be
uploaded
before
submission,
with
a
private
link
for
reviewers
provided
(these
are
available
from
both
GEO
and
ArrayExpress)
Please
outline
where
this
information
can
be
found
within
the
submission
(e.g.,
sections
or
figure
legends),
or
explain
why
this
information
doesn’t
apply
to
your
submission:
We
specified
all
information
related
to
replicates
in
the
text
where
statistics
were
reported
(Results
&
Discussion),
and
in
the
Task
subsection
of
Materials
and
Methods.
1
eLife
Sciences
Publications,
Ltd
is
a
limited
liability
non-profit
non-stock
corporation
incorporated
in
the
State
of
Delaware,
USA,
with
company
number
5030732,
and
is
registered
in
the
UK
with
company
number
FC030576
and
branch
number
BR015634
at
the
address
1st
Floor,
24
Hills
Road,
Cambridge
CB2
1JP
|
August
2014
Statistical
reporting
●
Statistical
analysis
methods
should
be
described
and
justified
●
Raw
data
should
be
presented
in
figures
whenever
informative
to
do
so
(typically
when
N
per
group
is
less
than
10)
●
For
each
experiment,
you
should
identify
the
statistical
tests
used,
exact
values
of
N,
definitions
of
center,
methods
of
multiple
test
correction,
and
dispersion
and
precision
measures
(e.g.,
mean,
median,
SD,
SEM,
confidence
intervals;
and, for
the
major
substantive
results, a
measure
of
effect
size
(e.g.,
Pearson's
r,
Cohen's
d)
●
Report
exact
p-values
wherever
possible
alongside
the
summary
statistics
and
95%
confidence
intervals.
These
should
be
reported
for
all
key
questions
and
not
only
when
the
p-value
is
less
than
0.05.
Please
outline
where
this
information
can
be
found
within
the
submission
(e.g.,
sections
or
figure
legends),
or
explain
why
this
information
doesn’t
apply
to
your
submission:
Details
of
the
statistical
tests
used
are
provided
in
the
Materials
and
Methods
section,
in
the
Statistics
subsection.
Specific
measures
of
effect
size
and
relevant
test
results
are
provided
throughout
the
Results
and
Discussion
section
in
line
with
the
reported
statistic.
(For
large
datasets,
or
papers
with
a
very
large
number
of
statistical
tests,
you
may
upload
a
single
table
file
with
tests,
Ns,
etc.,
with
reference
to
sections
in
the
manuscript.)
Group
allocation
●
Indicate
how
samples
were
allocated
into
experimental
groups
(in
the
case
of
clinical
studies,
please
specify
allocation
to
treatment
method);
if
randomization
was
used,
please
also
state
if
restricted
randomization
was
applied
●
Indicate
if
masking
was
used
during
group
allocation,
data
collection
and/or
data
analysis
Please
outline
where
this
information
can
be
found
within
the
submission
(e.g.,
sections
or
figure
legends),
or
explain
why
this
information
doesn’t
apply
to
your
submission:
Due
to
the
nature
of
the
single-subject
study,
group
allocation
is
not
applicable.
Additional
data
files
(“source
data”)
●
We
encourage
you
to
upload
relevant
additional
data
files,
such
as
numerical
data
that
are
represented
as
a
graph
in
a
figure,
or
as
a
summary
table
●
Where
provided,
these
should
be
in
the
most
useful
format,
and
they
can
be
uploaded
as
“Source
data”
files
linked
to
a
main
figure
or
table
●
Include
model
definition
files
including
the
full
list
of
parameters
used
●
Include
code
used
for
data
analysis
(e.g.,
R,
MatLab)
●
Avoid
stating
that
data
files
are
“available
upon
request”
Please
indicate
the
figures
or
tables
for
which
source
data
files
have
been
provided:
We
included
an
Excel
file
with
all
trial
parameters
and
subject
responses
for
both
experiments
described
in
the
manuscript.
2
eLife
Sciences
Publications,
Ltd
is
a
limited
liability
non-profit
non-stock
corporation
incorporated
in
the
State
of
Delaware,
USA,
with
company
number
5030732,
and
is
registered
in
the
UK
with
company
number
FC030576
and
branch
number
BR015634
at
the
address
1st
Floor,
24
Hills
Road,
Cambridge
CB2
1JP
|
August
2014