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Supporting Information

McFall-Ngai et al. 10.1073/pnas.1218525110

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Table S1. Examples of signals and receptors used in bacteria to animal communication

Bacterial signal

Animal receptor/enzyme

AI-3 (quorum signal) (1)

Epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFr)

Homoserine lactone(quorum signal) (2

–

Acetate(5)

Butyrate (6, 7)

G protein

–

coupled receptors (GPR41 and GPR43)

Bile-acid derivatives (8)

G protein

–

coupled bile acid receptor 1 (Gpbar1)

Polysaccharide A (PSA) (9)

Trimethylamine (TMA) (10)

Macrophage scavenger receptor

GABA

and GABA

(11)

Tripeptides (12)

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

Invasion (13)

Integrin

Peptidoglycan (PGN) (14

–

16)

NOD1

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (17)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)

Indole (18)

Toll-like receptor 3/9 (TLR3/9)

-formyl peptides (19)

Formyl peptide receptors

Several other ligands (20)

Other TLRs, NLRs, RLRs, lectins, etc.

1. Gallio M, Sturgill G, Rather P, Kylsten P (2002) A conserved mechanism for extracellular signaling in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

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-3-(oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone inhibits T-cell differentiation and cytokine production by

a mechanism involving an early step in T-cell activation.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

quorum-sensing molecule

-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone contributes to virulence and induces

fl

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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2287.

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fi

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6. Brown AJ, et al. (2003) The Orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids.

J Biol Chem

278(13):

11312

–

11319.

7. Kimura I, et al. (2011) Short-chain fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

108(19):

8030

–

8035.

8. Swann JR, et al. (2011) Systemic gut microbial modulation of bile acid metabolism in host tissue compartments.

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4530.

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10. Wang Z, et al. (2011) Gut

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Lactobacillus helveticus

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3985.

18. Bansal T, Alaniz RC, Wood TK, Jayaraman A (2010) The bacterial signal indole increases epithelial-cell tight-junction resistance and attenuate

s indicators of in

fl

ammation.

Proc Natl

Acad Sci USA

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198.

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Table S2. Examples of signals and receptors used in animal to

bacteria communication

Animal signal

Bacterial receptor/enzyme

Epinephrine/norepinephrine (1, 2)

QseC

Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) (3)

Furanones (4)

LuxR homologs

Dynorphin (5)

Nitric oxide (NO) (6)

HnoX

SIgA (7)

E-cadherin (8)

Internalin

1. Sperandio V, Torres AG, Jarvis B, Nataro JP, Kaper JB (2003) Bacteria-host communication: The language of hormones.

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

100(15):8951

–

8956.

2. Clarke MB, Hughes DT, Zhu C, Boedeker EC, Sperandio V (2006) The QseC sensor kinase: A bacterial adrenergic receptor.

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

103(27):10420

–

10425.

3. Vaishnava S, et al. (2011) The antibacterial lectin RegIIIgamma promotes the spatial segregation of microbiota and host in the intestine.

Science

334(6053):255

–

258.

4. Hentzer M, et al. (2003) Attenuation of

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

virulence by quorum sensing inhibitors.

EMBO J

22(15):3803

–

3815.

5. Zaborina O, et al. (2007) Dynorphin activates quorum sensing quinolone signaling in

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

PLoS Pathog

3(3):e35.

6. Wang Y, et al. (2010) H-NOX-mediated nitric oxide sensing modulates symbiotic colonization by

Vibrio

fi

scheri

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA

107(18):8375

–

8380.

7. Macpherson AJ, Uhr T (2004) Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria.

Science

303(5664):1662

–

1665.

8. Bonazzi M, Lecuit M, Cossart P (2009)

Listeria monocytogenes

internalin and E-cadherin: From bench to bedside.

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

1(4):a003087.

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