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Published December 2024 | Version Published
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Theoretical and experimental constraints for the equation of state of dense and hot matter

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  • 1. ROR icon California Institute of Technology

Abstract

This review aims at providing an extensive discussion of modern constraints relevant for dense and hot strongly interacting matter. It includes theoretical first-principle results from lattice and perturbative QCD, as well as chiral effective field theory results. From the experimental side, it includes heavy-ion collision and low-energy nuclear physics results, as well as observations from neutron stars and their mergers. The validity of different constraints, concerning specific conditions and ranges of applicability, is also provided.

Copyright and License

© The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Niseem Abdelrahman, Wei Li, Tetyana Galatyuk, and You Zhou for providing comments and assistance in finding the experimental references in this work. The MUSES collaboration is supported by NSF under OAC-2103680. Additional support for the collaboration members includes: DM is supported NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE - 1746047. JSSM is supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) under SNI Fellowship I1200/16/2020. CR is supported by NSF under Grants No. PHY-1654219, PHY-2208724, PHY-2116686. MGA is partly supported by DOE, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under Award No. DE-FG02-05ER41375. VD is supported by NSF under Grants PHY1748621 and NP3M PHY-2116686. MS is supported by DOE, Office of Science No DE-SC0013470. MCM is supported in part by NASA ADAP Grant 80NSSC21K0649. ML thanks the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for support under Grants 2021/08465-9, 2018/24720-6, and 2017/05685-2, as well as the support of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). ERM acknowledges support as the John Archibald Wheeler Fellow at Princeton University (PCTS), and from the Institute for Advanced Study. SPH is supported by DOE Grant DE-FG02-00ER41132. PL is supported by the Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). CP is supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P, Portugal) under Projects No. UIDP/-04564/-2020, No. UIDB/-04564/-2020 and 2022.06460.PTDC. SLS is supported by NSF Grant PHY-2006066 and NASA Grant 80NSSC17K0070, both to UIUC.

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2303.17021 (arXiv)

Funding

National Science Foundation
OAC-2103680
National Science Foundation
DGE-1746047
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)
I1200/16/2020
National Science Foundation
PHY-1654219
National Science Foundation
PHY-2208724
National Science Foundation
PHY-2116686
Department of Energy (DOE)
DE-FG02-05ER41375
National Science Foundation
PHY-1748621
National Science Foundation
PHY-2116686
United States Department of Energy
DE-SC0013470
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
80NSSC21K0649
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
2021/08465-9
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
2018/24720-6
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
2017/05685-2
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Princeton University
Institute for Advanced Study
Department of Energy (DOE)
DE-FG02-00ER41132
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
UIDP/-04564/-2020
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
UIDB/-04564/-2020
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
2022.06460.PTDC
National Science Foundation
PHY-2006066
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
80NSSC17K0070

Dates

Accepted
2024-04-22
Available
2024-06-05
Published online

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Caltech groups
LIGO, TAPIR, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Astronomy Department, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)