Table 3. Characteristics of Major Classes of Aqueous Mineral-Bearing Deposits Known Through Late 2008

Short Name	Aqueous Minerals Present	Morphology	Distribution	Type Area With CRISM/HiRISE Image IDs
Layered phyllosilicate	Al smectite, kaolinite group, Fe/Mg smectite, hydrated silica, Fe oxides	10s-m thick blanket of Al phyllosilicate and hydrated silica overlying Fe/Mg smectite, commonly polygonally fractured; exposed where protective caprock has been removed	Mawrth Valles and surrounding regions, Nili Fossae; small exposures elsewhere	Plains surrounding Mawrth Valles, 24.7N, 339.1E, HRL000043EC, PSP_005819_2050
Phyllosilicates in intracrater fans	Fe/Mg smectites from drainage basins	Fan-shaped deposit where channel debouches into crater; phyllosilicate typically in lower, tabular strata	Holden, Eberswalde, Jezero, Terby craters	Jezero Crater, 18.5N, 77.4E, HRL000040FF, PSP_002387_1985
Plains sediments	Chlorides and Fe/Mg smectites	Eroded remnants of phyllosilicate-rich deposits in topographic low, sometimes forming piedmont; may be embayed by chloride	Scattered throughout highland plains in crater floors and intercrater plains	Terra Sirenum, 32.7S, 205.5E, HRL0000860C, PSP_005811_1470
Deep phyllosilicates	Various phyllosilicates, dominated by prehnite, chlorite, Fe/Mg smectite	Massive or bouldery to layered outcrops in crater walls and central peaks, massifs, and chasma walls and escarpments	Craters walls and central peaks in highland plains, walls of Valles Marineris	Wall of Valles Marineris, 14.0S, 304.4E, FRT00009804, PSP_006928_1660
Carbonate deposits	Magnesium carbonate, possibly other hydrated phases	Thin bed overlying or grading into olivine-rich rock; superposed by resistant caprock	Thin outcrops surrounding Isidis basin	Nili Fossae, 21.9N, 78.4E, FRT0000B072, PSP_002176_2025
Intracrater clay-sulfate deposits	Kaolinite, hydrated sulfates including alunite and maybe jarosite	Interbedded phyllosilicate and sulfate layers on crater walls forming "bathtub ring" pattern	Craters in Terra Sirenum	Columbus crater, 28.5S, 194.0E, FRT00007D87, PSP_005429_1510
Meridiani-type layered deposits	Hydrated sulfates, jarosite, hematite	Undeformed layers superposed on cratered terrain; monohydrated or polyhydrated sulfates in various layers; extensive eolian erosion; some strata rich in hematite	Terra Meridiani and Aram Chaos	Terra Meridiani, 2.3N, 359.7E, FRT00004616, PSP_002680_1825
Valles-type layered deposits	Hydrated sulfates, Fe oxides and sulfates	Thick stack of layers infilling chasmata; mostly horizontal bedding deformed by folding and faulting; monohydrated or polyhydrated sulfates in discrete layers; extensive eolian erosion; some strata rich in Fe oxide	Valles Marineris including Candor, Melas, Juventae, Tithonium, and Eos Chasmata	Candor Chasma, 5.8S, 286.1E, FRT00009CB6, PSP_007166_1740
Siliceous layered deposits	Hydrated silica including opal, also jarosite	Thin, light-toned, layered deposits; extensive eolian stripping, inverted stream channels	Plains surrounding Valles Marineris	Plains west of Juventae Chasma, 4.6S, 296.4E, FRT00005814, PSP_005429_1510
Gypsum plains	Gypsum, probably other hydrated minerals	Dark, sandy material in part of polar basal unit reworked into dunes	Dark sediments in north polar erg and north polar layered deposits	Olympia Undae, 80.0N, 240.7E, FRT0000285F, PSP_001432_2610