CORE-LOGS
SUMMARY
INFORMATION;
COMPOSITE
LITHOLOGIC
COLUMN;
LOGS
FOR
BOXES
1-354
HAWAII
SCIENTIFIC.DRILLING
PROJECT
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATORS
D.J.
DEPAOLO
UNIVERSITY
OF
CALIFORNIA,
BERKELEY
E.M.
STOLPER
CALiFORNiA
iNSTITUTE
OF
TECHNOLOGY
D.M.THOMAS
UNIVERSITY
OF
HAWAII
__
•••
e.--.
_~
.1
PREFACE
Core-drilling
for
the
first
phase
of
the
Hawaii
Scientific
Driliing
Project
(HSDP)
took
place
from
October
25
to
December
10,
1993
at
a site
just
east
of
downtown
Hilo.
A
total
depth
of
3,464
feet
(1,056
meters)
was
achieved
with
a recovery
rate
of
greater
than
90%.
In
parallel
with
the
drilling,
a major
effort
was
undertaken
to
process
the
core
in
essentially
real-time.
This
involved
washing,
marking,
boxing,
splitting,
photographing,
logging,
and
sampling
the
core.
Keeping
up
with
the
highly
successful
drilling
turned
out
to
be
a monumental
task,
but
the
team
of
dedicated
geologists,
most
of
whom
were
effectively
volunteering
their
time,
managed
to
do
it.
This
vol-
ume
represents
a major
achievement
made
possible
by
their
dedication
and
hard
work.
The
summary
lithologic
column
and
the
core-logs
presented
here
are
key
building
blocks
for
the
success
of
the
HSDP.
They
are
the
primary
descriptions
of
the
core.
Using
them
as
a frame-
work,
we
hope
that
all
of
the
team
members
can
explore
and
examine
what
is available
for
study.
They
are
effectively
a road
map
for
navigating
the
core
and
provide
a common
language
for
communication
among
the
team
members.
In
the
interests
of
keeping
costs
down,
we
have
made
the
annotated
digital
photographs
available
here
only
in
black
and
white
at
a resolution
of
600
dpi.
We
have
printed
a few
copies
in
color,
but
reproduction
will
be
expensive
and
the
resolution
is only
300
dpi.
If
there
is demand,
we
can
make
the
lower
resolution
color
version
available.
All
of
the
color
images
(at
full
resolution),
the
lithologic
column,
and
the
entire
log
are
available
via
the
WWW
on
expet.gps.caltech.edu
(a
description
is
provided
on
pages
1-2
of
this
volume).
Other
information
and
figures
are
also
available,
and
if
any
team
members
are
interested
in
placing
data,
queries,
or
comments
on
this
server
for
communication
with
the
HSDP
team,
they
should
contact
paul
@expet.gps.caltech.edu.
This
document
represents
an
extraordinary
effort
by
many
people.
The
names
of
the
loggers
and
others
that
helped
with
core
handling
are
listed
on
the
following
page.
Several
people,
however,
deserve
special
mention.
Wayne
Campbell
played
a critical
role
in
the
design
of
the
core
recov-
ery
and
handling
procedures.
He
trained
everyone
in
these
procedures
and
oversaw
all
aspects
of
the
core
handling.
It
is difficult
to
overstate
how
much
less
would
have
been
accomplished
had
he
not
been
so
generous
and
dedicated.
Moreover,
he
was
on-site
every
day,
over
the
entire
two
month
period
of
the
drilling
project.
Mike
Baker
was
also
on-site
every
day
for
the
entire
two
month
drilling
period.
He
logged
much
of
the
core
and
along
with
Wayne
Campbell
provided
continuity
and
expertise
on
most
aspects
of
the
core
handling.
In
addition,
for
the
past
six
months,
he
has
put
in
a major
effort
putting
together
this
document,
including
annotation
of
the
digital
photographs,
developing
the
Unit
Summary,
and
proofing
the
logs
and
photographs.
We
hope
it is
obvious,
but
in
case
it is
not,
coming
to
grips
with
the
information
in
the
354
core-
boxes
at
the
level
of
detail
that
is
presented
here
was
a monumental
task,
and
Mike
is
the
one
who
did
it.
Mike
Garcia
took
on
the
task
of
designing
the
core-logging
procedures,
of
coordi-
nating
all
of
the
loggers
and
their
work,
and
of
checking
all
of
the
logs.
This
was
an
incredible
effort.
Without
his
patience,
dedication,
and
willingness
to
share
his
remarkable
experience
with
Hawaiian
rocks
and
geology,
the
logs
would
be
significantly
less
authoritative
and
accurate.
Paul
Asimow
had
the
initiative
to
put
all
of
this
on
the
WWW,
which
will
make
access
to
the
large
amount
of
information
presented
here
much
easier
for
everyone,
and
will
greatly
facilitate
dissemination
of
the
results
of
the
project.
Finally,
when
everyone
else
was
burned
out,
Jeri
Standfield
did
most
of
the
corrections
on
the
data
base
and
Sally
Newman
stepped
in
and
proof-
read
all
of
the
core-logs
several
times.
This
work
was
supported
by
NSF
Grants
EAR91-17588,
-18573,
and
-18691.
Don
DePaolo
Ed
Stolper
Don
Thomas
June,
1994
,..
Loggers*
Mike
Baker
(MBB,
California
Institute
of
Technology)
Nicolas
Binard
(NB,
IFREMER,
Brest,
France)
Wayne
Campbell
(WRC,
United
States
Geological
Survey,
Denver)
Gail
Eaton
(GFE,
University
of
California,
Berkeley-Lawrence
Berkeley
Laboratory)
Mike
Garcia,
Chief
Logger
(MG,
University
of
Hawaii,
Manoa)
Tom
Johnson
(TJ,
University
of
California,
Berkeley)
John
Lassiter
(1CL,
University
of
California,
Berkeley)
Brent
McInnes
(BM,
California
Institute
of
Technology)
Bhaskar
Rao
(BR,
University
of
Hawaii,
Manoa)
Ed
Stolper
(EMS,
California
Institute
of
Technology)
Laura
Wasylenki
(LW,
California
Institute
of
Technology)
Laurie
Watson
(LLW,
California
Institute
of
Technology)
Huai-Jen
Yang
(HJY,
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology)
Other
on-site
participants
Dave
Clague
(United
States
Geological
Survey,
Hawaii
Volcano
Observatory)
Don
DePaolo
(University
of
California,
Berkeley)
B.
Lynn
Ingram
(Lawrence
Livermore
National
Laboratory)
Judy
Journeay (University
of
Hawaii,
Hilo)
Jack
Lockwood
(1PL,
United
States
Geological
Survey,
Hawaii
Volcano
Observatory)
Tari
Mattox
(United
States
Geological
Survey,
Hawaii
Volcano
Observatory)
Kelly
Okano
(University
of
Hawaii,
Hilo)
Aaron
Pietruzska
(University
of
Hawaii,
Manoa)
Don
Thomas
(University
of
Hawaii,
Manoa)
Frank
Trusdell
(United
States
Geological
Survey,
Hawaii
Volcano
Observatory)
George
Walker
(GPLW,
University
of
Hawaii,
Manoa)
*
Initials
and
institutional
affiliations
given
in
parentheses.
The
initials
are
used
in
the
logs
to
indicate
who
did
the
logging
on
each
core
box.
-------
~------------
11
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Preface
i
Loggers
and
other
on-site
participants
..............•.................................
ii
Table
of
contents
iii
The
HSDP
WWW
server
1
This
describes
how
to
gain
access
to
the
core
logs,
the
lithologic
column,
the
core
logs,
and
other
information
over
the
internet.
Sample
handling
procedures
3
This
describes
the
procedures
used
to
process
the
core.
It
has
not
been
revised
since
drilling,
so
it will
be
revised
to
reflect
actual
procedures.
Logging
procedures
·
15
This
describes
the
core
logging
procedures.
It
has
been
modified
to
reflect
actual
procedures
followed
during
and
after
logging.
Core
run
depth
log
eo
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
••
1 9
This
gives
the
top
and
bottom
driller's
depths
and
the
total
depth
interval
for
each
core
run.
Also
listed
are
the
amount
of
core
recovered
in
each
core
run,
the
percentage
core
recovery,
the
RQD
(see
the
Sample
Handling
Procedures
section
for
a definition),
and
the
boxes
in
which
each
core
run
is stored.
Revised
depths
for
top
of
core
run
3 2
This
table
was
prepared
by
Wayne
Campbell.
It
lists
(in
column
5)
the
"revised"
or
"accepted"
depth
of
the
top
of
each
core
run.
This
depth
is
the
one
used
to
calculate
actual
depths
from
depths
reported
by
position
within
a core
run.
All
depths
of
unit
boundaries
and
sampling
are
based
on
core
run
tops
from
this
table.
Core
box
record
form
44
This
lists
for
each
core
box:
the
top
and
bottom
depths
of
the
core
in
the
box
(in
driller's
depth;
these
depths
have
not
been
revised
based
on
the
"Revised depths
for
top
of
core
run"
table),
the
total
amount
of
core
(in
feet)
in
the
box,
and
the
core
runs
stored
in
the
box.
Unit
summary
54
This
lists
from
1 to
227,
the
units
that
have
been
identified
in
the
core.
The
following
are
listed
for
each
unit:
an
assigned
name,
the
locations
and
depths
of
the
top
and
bottom
contacts,
its
thickness,
and
comments
(including
positions
of
internal
contacts,
soil
or
ash
horizons
within
the
units,
etc.).
Lithologic
column
(composite)
0
.•••••••••
66
This
summarizes
graphically
the
lithology
of
the
core.
Mauna
Loa
flows
are
shown
in
cyan;
Mauna
Kea
flows
are
shown
in
green.
For
basalt
flows,
the
gray
scale
is
proportional
to
the
phenocryst
content
listed
in
the
logs
(i.e.,
darker
units
are
richer
in
phenocrysts).
Red-yellow
units
are
marine
sediments,
volcanic
sediments
(e.g.,
ashes
and
hyaloclastites),
and
soils.
The
depths
of
each
core
run
and
of
core
stored in
the
core
boxes
and
the
archive
boxes
are
shown
graphically
to
the
left
of
the
column.
Logs
·
80
The
remainder
of
this
volume
contains
the
core
logs
and
600
dpi
grayscale
images
of
each
box.
ill
THE
HSDP
WWW
SERVER
All
the
core
photographs,
the
lithologic
column,
and
the
lithologic
unit
descriptions
are
presently
available
to
investigators
and
the
public
via
the
World
Wide
Web
(WWW),
as
explained
here.
This
on-line
service
provides
free,
rapid
interchange
of
text,
graphics,
and/or
sound,
and
is
user-
friendly
and
self-explanatory.
What
is
the
WWW?
The
WWW
is a group
of
internet-connected
computers
running
programs
called
servers
that
dis-
tribute
information
in
a format
known
as
Hypertext
Mark-up
Language
(HTML).
Anyone
with
internet
access
and
a client
program
such
as
NCSA
Mosaic
can
connect
to
any
server
and
down-
load
HTML
documents,
which
can
include
text,
graphics,
sound,
and
binary
programs.
HTML
allows
the
embedding
of
pointers
or
links
to
other
documents
anywhere
on
the
WWW;
these
links
are
typically
traversed
simply
by
clicking
on
an
appropriate
bit
of
highlighted
text
in
an
HTML
document.
These
links
give
the
WWW
its
web-like
quality,
and
allow
such
things,
for
example,
as
information
residing
on
a computer
in
Hawaii
to
be
found
by
connecting
to
the
server
at
Caltech.
Accessing
the
WWW
and
the
HSDP
web
server
To
use
the
resources
of
the
WWW,
you
need
a client
program.
The
most
popular
program
cur-
rently
available
is
NCSA
Mosaic,
available
free
from
NCSA
at
ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu.
There
are
versions
for
Microsoft
Windows,
Macintosh,
and
X-Windows.
You
may
also need
to
obtain
suitable
graphics
display
programs
(such
as
JPEGview
for
Macintosh
or
XV
for
X-windows),
which
Mosaic
calls
to
handle
downloaded
images
(Mosaic
also
displays
images
internally,
but
cannot
edit
or
manipulate
them).
Once
you
have
downloaded
and
installed
the
client
program,
you
can
connect
to
our
server
by
opening
the
URL
(Uniform
Resource
Locator,
the
standardized
addressing
format
used
by
the
WWW)
''http://expet.gps.caltech.edu''.
Infonnation
andfonnats
on
the
HSDP
server
Most
of
the
information
is
presently
reached
using
the
Index
to
Sensitive
Maps
of
the
Lithologic
Column,
which
has
pointers
to
the
9 pages
into
which
the
column
has
been
split
and
a table
showing
the
boxes,
runs,
units,
and
depths
covered
by
each
page.
Choosing
the
appropriate
page
brings
up
a picture
of
the
lithologic
column
in
GIF
format
(Compuserve
Graphics
Interchange
Format;
your
display
program
should
be
able
to
convert
this
to
other
formats).
You
can
download
this
image
by
clicking
on
the
text
"Download
this
page",
or
you
can
use
it as
a Sensitive
Map,
by
clicking
your
mouse
on
a suitable
part
of
the
image.
Clicking
in
one·
of
the
pink
rectangles
representing
a Core
Box
will
download
the
full-resolution
color
photograph
(GIF
format,
typically
500x700
pixels
and
about
300
kilobytes)
to
the
graphics
viewing
program
which
is
linked
to
your
client.
You
may
have
to
adjust
the
brightness
of
the
image
for
optimum
contrast
on
your
particular
display.
Since
the
images
are
sent
to
an
external
viewing
program
by
Mosaic,
the
main
Mosaic
window
should
still
be
showing
the
page
of
the
lithologic
core.
At
the
time
of
this
writing,
there
are
two
versions
of
every
photograph
available,
one
with
annota-
tions
showing
lithologic
units
and
points
of
interest,
the
other
directly
off
the
photo-cd
without
an-
notations.
You
choose
which
one
to
download
at
the
Index
to
Sensitive
Maps.
The
raw
images
may
be
withdrawn
if
there
is no
interest
in
them.
The
descriptions
of
the
lithologic
units,
in
tabular
text
format,
are
obtained
by
clicking
on
the
lithologic
unit
numbers
in
the
rightmost
column
of
the
Lithologic
Column
image.
Each
unit
is de-
scribed
in
every
box
in
which
it occurs,
so
clicking
a lithologic
unit
number
may
bring
up
as
many
1
- as
20
descriptions.
Ffnd
the
section
corresponding
to
the
Core
Box
in
question
for
discussion
of
the
lettered
points
of
interest
annotated
in
the
photographs.
The
full
column,
all
the
photographs,
and
the
lithologic
descriptions
(as
well
as
a C
program
for
interpreting
the
unlabeled
description
data
files
as
HTML
or
plain
text)
can
also
be
downloaded
from
simple
directories
without
using
the
sensitive
map
system.
Online
Sample
Order
Form
The
server
includes
a
sample
order
form
which
investigators
can
fill
out
and
submit
using
Mosaic.
The
information
given
is e-mailed
directly
to
the
persons
at
Caltech
responsible
for
dis-
tributing
core
sample.
Placing
information
on
the
server
If
any
investigator
wishes
to
make
data
or
results
available
to
the
rest
of
the
HSDP
community
(and
the
world)
via
the
WWW,
there
are
two
ways
to
do
this.
The
preferred
way
is
for
you
to
set
up
your
own
server
on
a local
internet-connected
computer,
to
which
a link
will
be
placed
on
the
cen-
tral
HSDP
server
at
Caltech.
The
software
needed
to
do
this
is also
available
free
from
NCSA,
and
is called
HTTPD.
The
simpler
path
is to
transmit
the
information
to
Caltech
and
make
it part
of
the
central
server,
kept
on
a local
disk
at
Caltech.
Contact
paul@expet.gps.caltech.edu
for
details
on
either
method.
Questions?
Any
questions,
comments,
or
suggestions
should
be
sent
to
Paul
Asimow,
paul@expet.gps.caltech.edu.
This
resource
exists
to
facilitate
the
work
of
HSDP
and
any
ideas
on
improving
its
utility
to
the
investigators
are
welcomed.
SAMPLE
HANDLING
PROCEDURES
General
Statement
1
The
NSF
Hawaii
drilling
project
(NSF-HDP)
will
involve
primarily
the
acquisition
of
continuous
cores.
This
document
describes
the
procedures
to
be
followed
for
initial
sample
handling
and
subsequent
splitting,
core
characterization,
and
sampling.
During
drilling,
cuttings
may
be
collected
as
specified
by
the
on-site
Project
Manager
2
in
consultation
with
the
Science
Steering
G
roup
3.
This
may
be
particularly
important
if
continuous
coring
does
not
provide
adequate
samples.
Under
the
direction
of
the
Sample
Manager4,
cuttings
will
be
collected,
washed,
and
placed
in
properly
labeled
sample
bags.
These
samples
will
be
transported
to
the
NEHLP
core
handling
facility
at Puna
for
indexing
and
sampling
as
required.
Samples
of
drilling
fluid/mud
may
be
collected
as
specified
by
the
on-site
Project
Manager
in
consultation
with
the
Science
Steering
Group.
These
samples
of
drilling
mud
and
additives
may
provide
crucial
information
on
contamination
of
core
and
formation
fluids.
Under
the
direction
of
the
Sample
Manager,
these
materials
will
be
collected
and
placed
in
properly
labeled
sample
bags.
These
samples
will
be
transported
to
Puna
for
indexing,
sampling,
and
storage
as
required.
Attention
may
need
to
be
paid
to
preservation
of
these
materials
with
stabilizing
agents
and
proper
storage.
1
This
document
was
prepared
prior
to
the
start
of
driiiing.
Procedures
evoived
somewhat
as
the
project
got
underway,
and
these
changes
are
not
reflected
here.
Wayne
Campbell
is preparing
a revised
description
of
what
was
actually
done,
and
this
will
probably
be
published
as
a USGS
Open
File
Report.
2Don
Thomas
or
Roland
Lawrence,
who
will
share
responsibility
for
interfacing
with
the
drilling
contractor
at
the
drilling
site.
3Don
DePaolo,
Ed
Stolper,
Don
Thomas.
4Wayne
Campbell
(USGS
Core
Research
Center).
3
At
the
Drillin2
Site
Since
coring
will
be
conducted
using
wire-line
techniques,
handling
and
curation
procedures
begin
when
the
core-barrel
liner
is removed
from
the
hole.
An
on-site
Project
Manager
will
be
present
or
available
at the
drilling
site
at all
times.
Removal
of
the
core
from
the
core
barrel
Based
on
experience
gained
from
the
State
of
Hawaii's
SOH
project,
it is assumed
that
project
personnel
do
not
have
to
be
present
to
supervise
or
assist
with
removal
of
the
core
from
the
core-barrel
liner;
i.e.,
this
can
be
left
to
the
drilling
crew.
However,
a schedule
will
be
set
up
putting
one
member
of
our
team
on-call
in
case
unforeseen
circumstances
arise;
on-call
shifts
will
be
12
hours,
and
at the
start
of
the
project
and
until
it has
been
determined
by
the
Sample
Manager
based
on
experience
with
the
actual
drilling
crew
that
it is unnecessary,
the
on-call
team
member
will
be
present
at
the
drilling
site
when cores
are
recovered.
1.
The
drilling
and
coring
crew
will
remove
the
core
from
the
inner
tube
and
place
it
in
a
numbered
12'
PVC
tray
in
the
on-site
core
handling
shed.
When
transferring
the
core
sample,
care
will
be
taken
to
avoid
disturbance
or
breaking
of
the
core.
Particular
care
must
be
taken
to
place
the
top
of
the
core
at the
distinctively
marked
end
of
the
PVC
tray.
The
PVC
trays
will
be
permanently
and
securely
mounted
on
6"
wide
planks
to
prevent
tipping,
fitted
with
end
caps,
and
fitted
with
PVC
covers
that
can
be
secured
with
Velcro
straps.
Holes
for
drainage
will
be
drilled
at
-1'
spacing
in
the
PVC
trays.
The
trays
are
to
be
pre-numbered
sequentially
and
one
end
of
each
PVC
tray
will
be
distinctively
marked
to
indicate
the
top
of
the
core.
The
12'
trays
will
actually
be
made
of
two
attached
6'
lengths
that
can
be
detached
to
facilitate
transport
from
the
drilling
site.
Each
of
the
6'
lengths
will
have
been
pre-labeled
as
section
"A"
and
liB"
of
a single
numbered
core,
and
the
tops
of
each
6' length
will
have
been
pre-marked.
2.
Each
coring
run
will
be
given
a sequential
number
starting
with
the
number
ttRI
tt
for
the
top
of
the
hole.
As
soon
as
the
core
is
received
from
the
drilling
contractor,
a
temporary
label
with
this
core
run
#
and
the
top
and
bottom
driller's
depth
is
filled
out
with
a
water-proof
felt
tipped
pen
and
affixed
to
the
PVC
tray.
3.
A
plasticized
Core
Recovery
Form
for
each
core
run
will
also
be
filled
out
by
the
driller
and
attached
with
a clip
to
the
PVC
tray.
Critical
information
to
be
recorded
are
the
core
number,
driller's
start
and
end
depths,
a
preliminary
visual
estimate
of
the
length
of
recovered
core,
and
unusual
situations
relative
to
core
recovery.
Unusual
features
of
particular
interest
(e.g.,
charcoal,
fossils,
glass,
etc.)
should
also
be
noted.
4.
The
PVC
top
will
be
secured
and
the
core
tray
will
be
placed
in
a safe,
secure
location
at
the
drilling
site.
Transport
of
cores
to
Puna
At
the
start
of
his
shift,
the
tea..rn
member
who
is on-call
for
the
drilling
site
will
go
to
the
drilling
site,
prepare
the
cores
that
have
accumulated
during
the
previous
shift
for
transport
to
the
Puna
core
handling
facility,
and
transport
these
cores
to
Puna.
For
each
core
run,
the
team
member
will:
5.
Verify
the
labeling
of
the
PVC
tray
and
the
information
placed
by
the
driller
in
the
Core
Recovery
Form.
~--------_.
_._-----------~=~~~-