Auxiliary Material for Paper 2010JB007499 Coral evidence for earthquake recurrence and an A.D. 1390-1455 cluster at the south end of the 2004 Aceh-Andaman rupture Aron J. Meltzner and Kerry Sieh Tectonics Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Now at Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Hong-Wei Chiang HISPEC Laboratory, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Chuan-Chou Shen HISPEC Laboratory, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Bambang W. Suwargadi, and Danny H. Natawidjaja Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia Belle E. Philibosian Tectonics Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Richard W. Briggs Geologic Hazards Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA John Galetzka Tectonics Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Meltzner, A. J., K. Sieh, H.-W. Chiang, C.-C. Shen, B. W. Suwargadi, D. H. Natawidjaja, B. E. Philibosian, R. W. Briggs, and J. Galetzka (2010), Coral evidence for earthquake recurrence and an A.D. 1390-1455 cluster at the south end of the 2004 Aceh-Andaman rupture, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B10402, doi:10.1029/2010JB007499. Introduction This auxiliary material consists of auxiliary text (that includes 27 figures) and 5 tables. The auxiliary text and figures are combined in a single PDF file, "2010jb007499-txts01.pdf". The auxiliary text includes site descriptions and data analysis for the six sites summarized only briefly in the main text, as well as a final section that summarizes a test of the validity of the dating technique we employed. The first two figures support the discussion and analysis in the main text; the remaining figures are associated directly with the auxiliary text. Table S1, "2010jb007499- ts01.pdf", provides locations and general information for each sampled microatoll. Table S2, "2010jb007499-ts02.pdf", contains uninterpreted results from the Th-230 analyses of fossil microatoll samples, leading to the estimated age of each sample. Table S3, "2010jb007499- ts03.pdf", displays weighted averages of the various sample ages from each microatoll, leading to the estimated date of death of each microatoll. Table S4, "2010jb007499-ts04.pdf", displays weighted averages of the dates of death of various microatolls, leading to the estimated date of each uplift. Table S5, "2010jb007499-ts05.pdf", contains uninterpreted results from the Th-230 analysis test on modern microatoll LWK-1. Unless otherwise stated, all uncertainties and errors are 2-sigma. 1. 2010jb007499-txts01.pdf, Auxiliary text and figures. Sections of the auxiliary text are numbered to facilitate comparison with sections of the main text. Section 4: site description and analysis of data from LDL sites. Section 5: site description and analysis of data from LNG site. Section 6: site description and analysis of data from USL site. Section 7: site description and analysis of data from LWK sites. Section 8: site description and analysis of data from USG site. Section 9: site description and analysis of data from PST site. Section 15: a test of the U-Th dating method. References for auxiliary text and tables. Supplementary figure captions (duplicated on the figures themselves). Figures S01-S02: general figures that support the main text. Figures S03-S08: maps, coral cross-sections, and time series for LDL sites. Figures S09-S11: map, coral cross-sections, and time series for LNG site. Figures S12-S14: map, coral cross-sections, and time series for USL site. Figures S15-S21: maps, coral cross-sections, and time series for LWK sites. Figures S22-S25: map, coral cross-sections, and time series for USG site. Figures S26-S27: map and coral cross-section for PST site. 2. 2010jb007499-ts01.pdf, Sampled coral microatolls: location and information. 2.1 Column "Head Name", reference code for microatoll. 2.2 Column "Site Name", reference code for corresponding site. 2.3 Column "Collected", month and year microatoll slab was collected. 2.4 Column "Latitude", latitude of sample, degrees north of Equator. 2.5 Column "Longitude", longitude of sample, degrees east of Greenwich. 2.6 Column "Mod/Fsl", indication of whether sample was modern or fossil. 2.7 Column "Genus", genus of sample. 2.8 Column "2004 Uplift", cm, estimate of 2004 uplift at that site. These values are plotted on Figure 18d. 3. 2010jb007499-ts02.pdf, Uranium and thorium isotopic compositions and Th-230 ages for fossil Sumatran coral samples by ICP-MS. 3.1 Column "Sample ID", reference code for dated subsample. The first 3 letters are the site name; the following number is the coral head, numbered sequentially at a site; the first 2 parts of the sample ID (i.e., XXX-# or XXX-## or XXX-#X) are collectively the slab name (this is the same as the head name in Column 2.1, unless multiple slabs were taken from a single head -- in the case of multiple slabs, a designating letter is appended after the head name); the first 3 parts (i.e., XXX-#-X# or XXX-##-X# or XXX-#X-X#) are collectively the sample ID; numbers in parentheses following the sample ID refer to subsamples of this sample divided up in the laboratory for the 230Th analysis. 3.2 Column "Weight", g, mass of material analyzed. 3.3 Column "238U", ppb, 238U concentration. 3.4 Column "232Th", ppt, 232Th concentration. 3.5 Column "delta 234U measured", see table footnote (a). 3.6 Column "[230Th/238U] activity", see table footnote (c). 3.7 Column "[230Th/232Th]", x 10e-6, see table footnote (d). 3.8 Column "delta 234U(initial) corrected", see table footnote (b). 3.9 Column "230Th Age uncorrected", age of sample estimated prior to correction for initial thorium contamination, in years prior to chemistry date. 3.10 Column "230Th Age corrected", age of sample, corrected for initial thorium contamination, in years prior to chemistry date. 3.11 Column "Chemistry Date (AD)", chemistry date, YYYY/MM/DD. 3.12 Column "Chemistry Date (AD)", chemistry date in decimal years. 3.13 Column "Date (AD) of Sample Growth", age of sample, converted to decimal years AD [YYYY.0 corresponds to 1 Jan; YYYY.5 to 1 Jul; YYYY.9 to 25 Nov; etc.]. 3.14 Column "[230Th/232Th](0)", x 10e-6, initial thorium atomic ratio, either assumed or determined by isochron; see table footnote (e). 4. 2010jb007499-ts03.pdf, Dates of presumed uplift of individual coral heads. 4.1 Column "Sample ID", reference code for dated sample. This is the first 3 parts of the sample name in Column 3.1. 4.2 Column "Date of Sample (AD)", date from Column 3.13. 4.3 Column "Preserved Bands after Sample", number of preserved annual bands in slab younger than the dated sample, counted on slab x-ray. 4.4 Column "Date of Outer Band (AD)", calculated from Columns 4.2 and 4.3. 4.5 Column "Slab Weighted Mean Date of Outer Band", weighted mean of all estimates (in Column 4.4) of the date of the outer preserved band of that slab. All such estimates (from individual samples from the same slab) are grouped together in adjacent rows of this table. 4.6 Column "Inferred Number of Missing Bands", estimated number of outer bands inferred to be completely missing from the slab by the time the head was slabbed; this was estimated on a head-by-head basis, using all available data; see text for a discussion of the basis for this estimate in each case. 4.7 Column "Slab Weighted Mean Date of Coral Death", date AD with 2-sigma uncertainty, calculated from Columns 4.5 and 4.6. 4.8 Column "Outer Rim Elevation (cm) above Pre-20041226 HLG", cm, estimate of microatoll's outer rim elevation, relative to the early 2004 HLG at the site; the right part of this column also contains notes (see text for more details). 5. 2010jb007499-ts04.pdf, Weighted average dates of presumed uplift events. 5.1 Column "Pre-Historical Event", event or event grouping based on initial rough age control. The ~1430 event is not included here because it did not entirely kill any coral heads, unless head USG-2 was killed in ~1430. (Our preferred interpretation is that USG-2 died in the ~1450 event, but we allow for either possibility.) 5.2 Column "Site", site reference code. 5.3 Column "Head", reference code for microatoll, i.e., the head name. 5.4 Column "Date of Death/Event (AD), Per Head", date from Column 4.7. 5.5 Column "Date of Death/Event (AD), Site Avg", weighted mean of all estimates (in Column 5.4) from a given site for the date of the diedown, assuming the stated heads died during the same event. 5.6 Column "Date of Death/Event (AD), All-Site Avg", weighted mean of dates in Column 5.5, assuming diedowns at multiple sites were coeval. 6. 2010jb007499-ts05.pdf, Uranium and thorium isotopic compositions and Th-230 ages for modern Sumatran coral LWK-1 by ICP-MS. This table is divided into parts (a) and (b). The two parts are redundant in the sense that they are both based on the exact same laboratory analysis of the exact same samples; the differences in the calculated numbers displayed in Columns 6.11 and 6.14 arise from the different initial thorium atomic ratio that is assumed to correct the 230Th age for initial thorium contamination. 6.1 Column "Sample ID", reference code for dated subsample. The first 3 letters (LWK) are the site name; the following number (1) is the coral head, numbered sequentially at the site; the first 2 parts of the sample ID (i.e., LWK-1) are collectively the slab name (this is the same as the head name in Column 2.1); the first 3 parts (i.e., LWK-1-X#) are collectively the sample ID (samples E1 & E2 were combined); numbers in parentheses following the sample ID refer to subsamples of this sample divided up in the laboratory for the 230Th analysis. 6.2 Column "Shen et al. [2008] ID", sample name used by Shen et al. [2008]. 6.3 Column "Weight", g, mass of material analyzed. 6.4 Column "238U", ppb, 238U concentration. 6.5 Column "232Th", ppt, 232Th concentration. 6.6 Column "delta 234U measured", see table footnote (a). 6.7 Column "[230Th/238U] activity", see table footnote (c). 6.8 Column "[230Th/232Th]", x 10e-6, see table footnote (d). 6.9 Column "delta 234U(initial) corrected", see table footnote (b). 6.10 Column "230Th Age uncorrected", age of sample estimated prior to correction for initial thorium contamination, in years prior to chemistry date. 6.11 Column "230Th Age corrected", age of sample, corrected for initial thorium contamination, in years prior to chemistry date. 6.12 Column "Chemistry Date (AD)", chemistry date, YYYY/MM/DD. 6.13 Column "Chemistry Date (AD)", chemistry date in decimal years. 6.14 Column "Date (AD) of Sample Growth", age of sample, converted to decimal years AD [YYYY.0 corresponds to 1 Jan; YYYY.5 to 1 Jul; YYYY.9 to 25 Nov; etc.]. 6.15 Column "[230Th/232Th](0)", x 10e-6, initial thorium atomic ratio, either assumed or determined by isochron; see table footnote (e).