Published December 2025 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

Fitting transients with discs (FitTeD): a public light curve and spectral fitting package based on evolving relativistic discs

  • 1. ROR icon University of Oxford
  • 2. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 3. ROR icon Newcastle University

Abstract

We present FitTeD, a public light curve and spectral fitting Python-package based on evolving relativistic discs. At its heart this package uses the solutions of the time dependent general relativistic disc equations, assuming a newly formed accretion flow, to compute multi-band light curves and spectra. This package can be used to study transient events in galaxies with previously dormant supermassive black holes. In its current form it cannot be used in systems with large scale pre-existing accretion-discs, such as active galactic nuclei. All relevant relativistic optics effects (Doppler and gravitational energy shifting, and gravitational lensing) are included. Additional, non-disc light curve and spectral components can be included to (for example) model the early time rise and decay of tidal disruption event light curves in optical-to-UV bands. Monte Carlo Markov Chain fitting procedures are included which return posterior distributions of black hole and disc parameters, allowing for the future automated processing of the large populations of transient sources discovered by (e.g.) the Vera Rubin Observatory. As an explicit example, in this paper we model the multi-wavelength light curves of the tidal disruption event AT2019dsg, finding a good fit to the data, a black hole mass consistent with galactic scaling relationships, and a late-time disc Eddington ratio consistent with the observed launching of an outflow observed in radio bands.

Copyright and License

© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

AM is extremely grateful to Adelle Goodwin for stress testing an early version of fitted and for numerous suggestions which improved the code.

We are grateful to the referee for a detailed and extremely helpful report, which greatly improved the clarity of this paper.

This work was supported by a Leverhulme Trust International Professorship grant [number LIP-202-014]. For the purpose of Open Access, AM has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. EN acknowledges support from NASA theory grant 80NSSC20K0540. AI acknowledges support from the Royal Society.

Software References

This research made use of the python packages matplotlib (Hunter 2007), scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), numpy (Harris et al. 2020), astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2022), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), and corner (Foreman-Mackey 2016).

Data Availability

The fitted package is available to download at the following repository: https://bitbucket.org/fittingtransientswithdiscs/fitted_public/src.

The infrared, optical and UV data of all current tidal disruption events are publicly available at https://github.com/sjoertvv/manyTDE. All of the X-ray data used in this work can be downloaded from the HEASARC website https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2408.15048 (arXiv)
Is supplemented by
Software: https://bitbucket.org/fittingtransientswithdiscs/fitted_public/src (URL)
Software: https://github.com/sjoertvv/manyTDE (URL)

Funding

Leverhulme Trust
LIP-202-014
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
80NSSC20K0540
Royal Society

Dates

Submitted
2024-08-27
Accepted
2025-09-12
Available
2025-09-19
Published
Available
2025-11-19
Corrected and typeset

Caltech Custom Metadata

Caltech groups
Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published