The Peculiar Ca-rich SN2019ehk: Evidence for a Type IIb Core-collapse Supernova from a Low-mass Stripped Progenitor

Abstract

The nature of the peculiar "Ca-rich" SN 2019ehk in the nearby galaxy M100 remains unclear. Its origin has been debated as either a stripped core-collapse supernova or a thermonuclear helium detonation event. Here, we present very late-time photometry of the transient obtained with the Keck I telescope at ≈280 days from peak light. Using the photometry to perform accurate flux calibration of a contemporaneous nebular phase spectrum, we measure an [O I] luminosity of (0.19–1.08) × 10³⁸ erg s⁻¹ and [Ca II] luminosity of (2.7–15.6) × 10³⁸ erg s⁻¹ over the range of the uncertain extinction along the line of sight and distance to the host galaxy. We use these measurements to derive lower limits on the synthesized oxygen mass of ≈0.004–0.069 M_⊙. The oxygen mass is a sensitive tracer of the progenitor mass for core-collapse supernovae, and our estimate is consistent with explosions of very low-mass CO cores of 1.45–1.5 M_⊙, corresponding to He core masses of ≈1.8–2.0 M_⊙. We present high-quality peak light optical spectra of the transient and highlight features of hydrogen in both the early ("flash") and photospheric phase spectra that suggest the presence of ≳0.02 M_⊙ of hydrogen in the progenitor at the time of explosion. The presence of H, together with the large [Ca II]/[O I] ratio (≈10–15) in the nebular phase, is consistent with SN 2019ehk being a Type IIb core-collapse supernova from a stripped low-mass (≈9–9.5 M_⊙) progenitor, similar to the Ca-rich SN IIb iPTF 15eqv. These results provide evidence for a likely class of "Ca-rich" core-collapse supernovae from stripped low-mass progenitors in star-forming environments, distinct from the thermonuclear Ca-rich gap transients in old environments.

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