Enantiomeric environmental behavior, oxidative stress and toxin release of harmful cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa in response to napropamide and acetochlor
- Creators
- Xie, Jingqian
- Zhao, Lu
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Liu, Kai
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Liu, Weiping
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms have emerged as a worldwide issue. After concentrations of herbicides entering water, herbicides in water may pose ecological effects on them. The present study investigates the toxicity and environmental behavior of the herbicides, napropamide and acetochlor as enantiomers and as racemates on Microcystis aeruginosa which is the main specie known to produce hepatotoxins. S-napropamide/acetochlor are degraded faster than their corresponding isomer R-napropamide/acetochlor, with the latter more prone to accumulate in algal cells. Moreover, all the enantiomers did not undergo measurable racemization in the medium and algal cells. S-napropamide/acetochlor exhibited much higher toxicity than R-napropamide/acetochlor, with the S-enantiomer inducing a much greater production of antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and microcystins (MC). SOD and MC increased after treatment with the herbicides and these increases were dependent on the exposure time, whereas MDA showed no apparent change. The information provided in this work will be useful for understanding the toxicity mechanism and environmental behaviors of different amide herbicides (napropamide and acetochlor) in aquatic environments at the enantiomeric level. Additionally, analysis of chiral herbicides in aquatic system needs more attention to aide in the environmental assessment of chiral herbicides.
Additional Information
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. Received 22 October 2018, Revised 28 November 2018, Accepted 17 December 2018, Available online 18 December 2018. This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Dr. Sarah Harmon.Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 91896
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20181218-133506009
- 21320102007
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- A2-0203-00-100227
- Shanghai Ocean University
- A2-0203-00-100351
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Created
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2018-12-18Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-16Created from EPrint's last_modified field