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Published March 3, 2017 | Published + Accepted Version
Journal Article Open

Optical Phase Conjugation with Less Than a Photon per Degree of Freedom

Abstract

We demonstrate experimentally that optical phase conjugation can be used to focus light through strongly scattering media even when far less than a photon per optical degree of freedom is detected. We found that the best achievable intensity contrast is equal to the total number of detected photons, as long as the resolution of the system is high enough. Our results demonstrate that phase conjugation can be used even when the photon budget is extremely low, such as in high-speed focusing through dynamic media or imaging deep inside tissue.

Additional Information

© 2017 American Physical Society. Received 5 October 2016; published 3 March 2017. We thank Haowen Ruan for help on the experiment. This work is supported by the National Institutes of Health (1DP2OD007307-01), the National Institutes of Health BRAIN Initiative (1U01NS090577-01), and a GIST-Caltech Collaborative Research Proposal (CG2012). I. M. V. is supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Program/ERC Grant Agreement No. [678919].

Attached Files

Published - PhysRevLett.118.093902.pdf

Accepted Version - nihms871292.pdf

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August 19, 2023
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