Structural complexity biases vegetation greenness measures

Copyright and License

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2023.

Acknowledgement

Support for this research was provided by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, with funding from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. D.H. acknowledges support from the Earth System Model Development programme area, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, as part of the Climate Process Team projects. T.P. acknowledges support from the Earth Science Division of NASA. Y.G. acknowledges support from Universities Scientific Fund (15053347). M.C. acknowledges support from a McIntire–Stennis grant (1027576) from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture. We acknowledge PhenoCam for providing the site imagery at Tapajos and Mead1; the latter was a contribution of the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research network, supported by the US Department of Agriculture. We also thank G. Badgley for fruitful discussions on SIF.

Contributions

These authors contributed equally: Yelu Zeng, Dalei Hao, Taejin Park. 

Y.Z., M.C., D.H. and T.P. conceptualized the study, designed the research and methodology, and wrote the initial draft of the paper. P.Z., A.H., R.M., Y.K., R.N., P.K., C.F., J.B., F.L., Y.G. and F.J. contributed to the data collection and result interpretation. J.Q., J.H., B.L. and F.J. contributed to the 3D ray-tracing model simulation and sensitivity analysis. F.L., Y.G. and F.J. drew and polished the figures. All authors reviewed and edited the paper and made substantial contributions to the improvement of the paper.

Data Availability

The data are available through figshare56 at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23677407.v1.

Code Availability

The source code is available through figshare57 at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23677260.v1.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.