Young terrestrial worlds are critical test beds to constrain prevailing theories of planetary formation and evolution. We present the discovery of HD 63433 d—a nearby (22 pc), Earth-sized planet transiting a young Sun-like star (TOI-1726, HD 63433). HD 63433 d is the third planet detected in this multiplanet system. The kinematic, rotational, and abundance properties of the host star indicate that it belongs to the young (414 ± 23 Myr) Ursa Major moving group, whose membership we update using new data from the third data release of the Gaia mission and TESS. Our transit analysis of the TESS light curves indicates that HD 63433 d has a radius of 1.1 R⊕ and closely orbits its host star with a period of 4.2 days. To date, HD 63433 d is the smallest confirmed exoplanet with an age less than 500 Myr, and the nearest young Earth-sized planet. Furthermore, the apparent brightness of the stellar host (V ≃ 6.9 mag) makes this transiting multiplanet system favorable to further investigations, including spectroscopic follow-up to probe the atmospheric loss in a young Earth-sized world.
TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). XI. An Earth-sized Planet Orbiting a Nearby, Solar-like Host in the 400 Myr Ursa Major Moving Group
- Creators
- Capistrant, Benjamin K.
- Soares-Furtado, Melinda
- Vanderburg, Andrew
- Jankowski, Alyssa
- Mann, Andrew W.
- Ross, Gabrielle
- Srdoc, Gregor
- Hinkel, Natalie R.
- Becker, Juliette
- Magliano, Christian
- Limbach, Mary Anne
- Stephan, Alexander P.
- Nine, Andrew C.
- Tofflemire, Benjamin M.
- Kraus, Adam L.
- Giacalone, Steven
- Winn, Joshua N.
- Bieryla, Allyson
- Bouma, Luke G.
- Ciardi, David R.
- Collins, Karen A.
- Covone, Giovanni
- de Beurs, Zoë L.
- Huang, Chelsea X.
- Jenkins, Jon M.
- Kreidberg, Laura
- Latham, David W.
- Quinn, Samuel N.
- Seager, Sara
- Shporer, Avi
- Twicken, Joseph D.
- Wohler, Bill
- Vanderspek, Roland K.
- Yarza, Ricardo
- Ziegler, Carl
Abstract
Copyright and License
© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge helpful discussions with Richard Townsend, Anne Noer Kolborg, and Lisa Kaltenegger. M.S.F. gratefully acknowledges the generous support provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51493.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, In., for NASA, under the contract NAS 5-26555. R.Y. is grateful for support from a Doctoral Fellowship from the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States (UCMEXUS) and CONACyT, a Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) Frontera Computational Science Fellowship, and a NASA FINESST award (21-ASTRO21-0068). A.W.M. was supported by grants from the NSF CAREER program (AST-2143763) and NASA's Exoplanets Research Program (XRP 80NSSC21K0393).
A portion of this work was performed at the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by National Science Foundation grant PHY-2210452. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; NExScI 2022) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia, 44 processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). 45 This research has made use of the VizieR catalog access tool, the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbough (CDS) (DOI : 10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (A&AS) 143, 23. We acknowledge the use of public TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) release data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. K.A.C. and S.N.Q. acknowledge support from the TESS mission via subaward s3449 from MIT. The research shown here acknowledges the use of the Hypatia Catalog Database, an online compilation of stellar abundance data as described in Hinkel et al. (2014), which was supported by NASA's Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) research coordination network and the Vanderbilt Initiative in Data-Intensive Astrophysics (VIDA). Z.L.D. would like to acknowledge the support of the MIT Presidential Fellowship and the MIT Collamore-Rogers Fellowship. Z.L.D. would like to acknowledge that this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant No. 1745302.
Facilities
TESS - , Gaia DR3 - (Gaia Collaboration et al. 2021), Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (Marston et al. 2018), ROSAT, WISE, LCOGT 1 m (Sinistro), LCOGT 1 m (NRES), SMARTS 1.5 m (CHIRON), TRES, SOAR (Goodman), Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (HARPS-N), OHP 1.93 m (ELODIE), OHP 1.93 m (SOPHIE), Shane 3 m (Hamilton)
Software References
AstroImageJ (Collins et al. 2017), astroquery (Ginsburg et al. 2019), BANZAI (McCully et al. 2018), batman (Kreidberg 2015), corner.py (Foreman-Mackey 2016), edmcmc (Vanderburg 2021), Lightkurve (Lightkurve Collaboration et al. 1812), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), PARSEC (Bressan et al. 2012), PyAstronomy (Czesla et al. 2019), starrotate (Angus & Garcia Soto 2023), TAPIR (Jensen 2013), TESSCUT (Brasseur et al. 2019)
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Additional details
- ISSN
- 1538-3881
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NASA Hubble Fellowship HST-HF2-51493.001-A
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NAS 5-26555
- University of California System
- UC Institute for Mexico and the United States (UC MEXUS)
- Texas Advanced Computing Center
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology Fellowship 21-ASTRO21-0068
- National Science Foundation
- AST-2143763
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC21K0393
- National Science Foundation
- PHY-2210452
- NSF's NOIRLab
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- s3449
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- National Science Foundation
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-1745302
- Caltech groups
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)