Roadmap on photonic metasurfaces

Creators: Schulz, Sebastian A.; Oulton, Rupert. F.; Kenney, Mitchell; Alù, Andrea; Staude, Isabelle; Bashiri, Ayesheh; Fedorova, Zlata; Kolkowski, Radoslaw; Koenderink, A. Femius; Xiao, Xiaofei; Yang, John; Peveler, William J.; Clark, Alasdair W.; Perrakis, George; Tasolamprou, Anna C.; Kafesaki, Maria; Zaleska, Anastasiia; Dickson, Wayne; Richards, David; Zayats, Anatoly; Ren, Haoran; Kivshar, Yuri; Maier, Stefan; Chen, Xianzhong; Ansari, Muhammad Afnan; Gan, Yuhui; Alexeev, Arseny; Krauss, Thomas F.; Di Falco, Andrea; Gennaro, Sylvain D.; Santiago-Cruz, Tomás; Brener, Igal; Chekhova, Maria V.; Ma, Ren-Min; Vogler-Neuling, Viola V.; Weigand, Helena C.; Talts, Ülle-Linda; Occhiodori, Irene; Grange, Rachel; Rahmani, Mohsen; Xu, Lei; Kamali, S. M.; Arbabi, E.; Faraon, Andrei¹; Harwood, Anthony C.; Vezzoli, Stefano; Sapienza, Riccardo; Lalanne, Philippe; Dmitriev, Alexandre; Rockstuhl, Carsten; Sprafke, Alexander; Vynck, Kevin; Upham, Jeremy; Alam, M. Zahirul; De Leon, Israel; Boyd, Robert W.; Padilla, Willie J.; Malof, Jordan M.; Jana, Aloke; Yang, Zijin; Colom, Rémi; Song, Qinghua; Genevet, Patrice; Achouri, Karim; Evlyukhin, Andrey B.; Lemmer, Ulrich; Fernandez-Corbaton, Ivan

1. California Institute of Technology

Abstract

Here we present a roadmap on Photonic metasurfaces. This document consists of a number of perspective articles on different applications, challenge areas or technologies underlying photonic metasurfaces. Each perspective will introduce the topic, present a state of the art as well as give an insight into the future direction of the subfield.

Copyright and License

Funding

Acknowledgement

Our work on these topics has been supported by the Simons Foundation and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

I.S., A.B., and Z.F. acknowledge financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) through the International Research Training Group (IRTG) 2675 “Meta-ACTIVE,” Project No. 437527638, and through the Emmy Noether Program, Project No. STA 1426/2-1. The work of A.F.K. is part of the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and was performed at the research institute AMOLF. R.K. acknowledges the support of the Research Council of Finland (Grant Nos. 347449 and 353758).

G.P., A.C.T., and M.K. acknowledge support by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI) under “Sub-action 2 for Funding Projects in Leading-Edge Sectors—RRFQ: Basic Research Financing (Horizontal support for all Sciences),” Project ID 15117 (MultiCool).

This work was supported by the UK EPSRC under Project No. EP/W017075/1.

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship DE220101085 (H.R.) and Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP220102152 (H.R., S.A.M.). S.A.M. additionally acknowledges the Lee-Lucas Chair in Physics.

I.B. and S.D.G. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. This article has been authored by an employee of National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC under Contract No. DE-NA0003525 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The employee owns all right, title and interest in and to the article and is solely responsible for its contents. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this article or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan https://www.energy.gov/downloads/doepublic-access-plan. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12225402, 91950115, 11774014, and 62321004) and the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.

The authors acknowledge ScopeM and D-MATL X-Ray Service Platform at ETH Zurich for providing instrumentation for characterization, nanofabrication support from the operation team of the Binning and Rohrer Nanotechnology Center (BRNC) and the operation team of FIRST–Center for Micro and Nanoscience at ETHZ. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation SNSF (Consolidator Grant Nos. 2022 213713 and 179099), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program from the European Research Council under the Grant Agreement No. 714837 (Chi2-nanooxides). H.C.W. acknowledges financial support from the Physics Department at ETH Zurich.

M.R. and L.X. acknowledge support from the UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (No. MR/T040513/1). M.R. appreciates the support of the Royal Society and the Wolfson Foundation.

P.L. and K.V. acknowledge financial support from the French National Agency for Research (ANR) under the project “NANO-APPEARANCE” (No. ANR-19-CE09-0014). A.D. acknowledges the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (Formas) (Project No. 2021-01390). P.L. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council Advanced grant (Project UNSEEN No. 101097856). C.R. and A.S. acknowledge financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (Nos. 413644979, RO 3640/11-1, and WE 4051/26-1).

W.J.P. and J.M.M. acknowledge support from the Department of Energy under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (No. DESC0014372).

C.R. and U.L. acknowledge support through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy via the Excellence Cluster 3D Matter Made to Order (EXC-2082/1, Grant No. 390761711). A.B.E. acknowledges support through the Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (EXC 2122, Project ID No. 390833453). I.F.-C. and C.R. acknowledge support through the CRC Waves: Analysis and Numerics (SFB 1173, Grant No. 258734477. K.A. acknowledges funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project No. PZ00P2_193221). We all wish to acknowledge contributions to this work from our past and current group members, for which we are deeply grateful.

Contributions

S.A.S., R.F.O., and M.K. conceived and organized this roadmap, including selecting the section topics and lead authors. These three authors contributed equally and may claim first authorship. The following authors led individual sections (in order of the sections): Andrea Alu, Isabelle Staude, Rupert F. Oulton, Alasdair W. Clark, Maria Kafesaki, Anatoly V. Zayats, Stefan Maier, Xianzhong Chen, Andrea Di Falco, Maria V. Chekhova, Ren-Min Ma, Rachel Grange, Mohsen Rahmani, Andrei Faraon, R. Sapienza, Philippe Lalanne, Sebastian A. Schulz, Willie J. Padilla, Patrice Genevet and Carsten Rockstuhl. These authors supervised the writing of their relevant sections, selected their coauthors and determined the overall direction of their perspectives. All other authors contributed to the perspective articles under which they are listed. The author list is in order of appearance in the document.

Sebastian A. Schulz, Rupert. F. Oulton, Mitchell Kenney conceived and coordinated the roadmap together. All three act as joint corresponding and joint first authors for the full document.

Sebastian A. Schulz: Conceptualization (equal); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Rupert F. Oulton: Conceptualization (equal); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Mitchell Kenney: Conceptualization (equal); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Andrea Alù: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Isabelle Staude: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Ayesheh Bashiri: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Zlata Fedorova: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Radoslaw Kolkowski: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). A. Femius Koenderink: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Xiaofei Xiao: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). John Yang: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). William J. Peveler: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Alasdair W. Clark: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). George Perrakis: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Anna C. Tasolamprou: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Maria Kafesaki: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Anastasiia Zaleska: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Wayne Dickson: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). David Richards: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Anatoly Zayats: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Haoran Ren: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Yuri Kivshar: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Stefan Maier: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Xianzhong Chen: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Muhammad Afnan-Ansari: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Yuhui Gan: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Arseny Alexeev: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Thomas F. Krauss: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Andrea di Falco: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Sylvain D. Gennaro: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Tomás Santiago-Cruz: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Igal Brener: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Maria V. Chekhova: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Ren-Min Ma: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Viola V. Vogler-Neuling: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Helena C. Weigand: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Ülle-Linda Talts: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Irene Occhiodori: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Rachel Grange: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Mohsen Rahmani: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Lei Xu: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). S. M. Kamali: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). E. Arbabi: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Andrei Faraon: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). A. C. Harwood: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). S. Vezzoli: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Riccardo Sapienza: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Philippe Lalanne: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Alexandre Dmitriev: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Carsten Rockstuhl: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Alexander Sprafke: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Kevin Vynck: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Jeremy Upham: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). M. Zahirul Alam: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Israel De Leon: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Robert W. Boyd: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Willie J. Padilla: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Jordan M. Malof: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Aloke Jana: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Zijin Yang: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Rémi Colom: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Patrice Genevet: Conceptualization (supporting); Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Karim Achouri: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Andrey B. Evlyukhin: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Ulrich Lemmer: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal). Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton: Writing – original draft (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal).

Data Availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts to disclose.

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