Published July 2023 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon California Institute of Technology

Abstract

The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/c charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1±0.6% and 84.1±0.6%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation.

Copyright and License

© The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Funding

Funded by SCOAP3. SCOAP3 supports the goals of the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development.

Acknowledgement

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector was constructed and operated on the CERN Neutrino Platform. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the CERN management, and the CERN EP, BE, TE, EN and IT Departments for NP04/ProtoDUNE-SP. This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MŠMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundación “La Caixa”, Junta de Andalucía-FEDER, MICINN, and Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TÜBİTAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

Data Availability

This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: The Pandora event reconstruction described in this paper operates on low-level data and does not directly produce physics results, hence there is no associated data release.]

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Additional details

Funding

European Organization for Nuclear Research
United States Department of Energy
DE-AC02-07CH11359
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Canada Foundation for Innovation
Institute of Particle Physics
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
Ministry of Education Youth and Sports
European Research Council
Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
National Research Foundation of Korea
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
Xunta de Galicia
State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation
Swiss National Science Foundation
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
Royal Society
UK Research and Innovation
Science and Technology Facilities Council
National Science Foundation
United States Department of Energy
DE-AC02-05CH11231