Published October 9, 2025 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

Universality of Stationary Entanglement in an Optomechanical System Driven by Non-Markovian Noise and Squeezed Light

  • 1. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 2. ROR icon Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology
  • 3. ROR icon Austrian Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Optomechanical systems subjected to environmental noise give rise to rich physical phenomena. We investigate entanglement between a mechanical oscillator and the reflected coherent optical field in a general, not necessarily Markovian environment. For the input optical field, we consider stationary Gaussian states and frequency-dependent squeezing. We demonstrate that for a coherent laser drive, either unsqueezed or squeezed in a frequency-independent manner, optomechanical entanglement is destroyed after a threshold that depends only on the environmental noises—independent of the coherent coupling between the oscillator and the optical field, or the squeeze factor. In this way, we have found a universal entangling-disentangling transition. We also show that for a configuration in which the oscillator and the reflected field are separable, entanglement cannot be generated by incorporating frequency-dependent squeezing in the optical field.

Copyright and License

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Acknowledgement

We thank Aaron Markovitz and Klemens Hammerer for helpful discussions. S. D. and Y. C. acknowledge the support by the Simons Foundation (Award No. 568762), and by U.S. NSF Grant No. PHY-2309231. K. W. acknowledges the support by the Vienna Doctoral School in Physics (VDSP). K. W., C. G., and M. A. received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 951234), and from the Research Network Quantum Aspects of Spacetime (TURIS).

Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this Letter are openly available [54].

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2502.02979 (arXiv)
Is supplemented by
Dataset: https://github.com/sudirekci/universality_of_stationary_optomechanical_entanglement (URL)

Funding

Simons Foundation
568762
National Science Foundation
PHY-2309231
Vienna Doctoral School in Physics
European Research Council
European Commission
951234
Research Network Quantum Aspects of Spacetime

Dates

Accepted
2025-08-19

Caltech Custom Metadata

Caltech groups
TAPIR, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published