Detection of X-ray emission from a bright long-period radio transient

We thank B. Gaensler, S. Dai and F. Coti Zelati for valuable discussions. We are grateful to the ASKAP engineering and operations team for their assistance in developing fast radio burst instrumentation for the telescope and supporting the survey. This work uses data obtained from Inyarrimanha Ilgari Bundara/the CSIRO Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory. We acknowledge the Wajarri Yamaji People as the Traditional Owners and native title holders of the observatory site. CSIRO’s ASKAP radio telescope is part of the Australia Telescope National Facility (https://ror.org/05qajvd42). Operation of ASKAP is funded by the Australian Government with support from the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy. ASKAP uses the resources of the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre. Establishment of ASKAP, Inyarrimanha Ilgari Bundara, the CSIRO Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory and the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Centre are initiatives of the Australian Government, with support from the Government of Western Australia and the Science and Industry Endowment Fund. CRACO was funded through Australian Research Council Linkage Infrastructure Equipment, and Facilities grant LE210100107. We thank the staff of the GMRT that made these observations possible. GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. We thank SARAO for the approval of the MeerKAT DDT request DDT-20240213-AW-01.The MeerKAT telescope is operated by the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is a facility of the National Research Foundation, an agency of the Department of Science and Innovation. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. We thank M. Bailes for supporting the PTUSE backend machine used in the MeerKAT observation. PTUSE was developed with support from the Australian SKA Office and Swinburne University of Technology. This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra Data Archive provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC). We acknowledge the use of public data from the Swift data archive. This research is based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA. We thank the Einstein Probe principal investigator (W. Yuan) for accepting our ToO observation, Y. Chen as the FXT principal investigator, and the Einstein Probe Science Center for performing the observations. Einstein Probe is a space mission supported by the Strategic Priority Program of the Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant number XDB0550200), in collaboration with ESA, MPE and CNES (grant number XDA15310000), and the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFF0711500). This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5-meter Magellan Telescope located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. Part of this work was performed on the OzSTAR national facility at Swinburne University of Technology. The OzSTAR programme receives funding in part from the Astronomy National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) allocation provided by the Australian Government, and from the Victorian Higher Education State Investment Fund (VHESIF) provided by the Victorian Government. We acknowledge the use of the ilifu cloud computing facility (www.ilifu.ac.za), a partnership between the University of Cape Town, the University of the Western Cape, Stellenbosch University, Sol Plaatje University, the Cape Peninsula University of Technology and the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory. The ilifu facility is supported by contributions from the Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy (IDIA, a partnership between the University of Cape Town, the University of Pretoria and the University of the Western Cape), the Computational Biology division at UCT and the Data Intensive Research Initiative of South Africa (DIRISA). This work was carried out using the data-processing pipelines developed at the Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy (IDIA) and available at https://idia-pipelines.github.io. IDIA is a partnership of the University of Cape Town, the University of Pretoria and the University of the Western Cape. This work made use of the CARTA (Cube Analysis and Rendering Tool for Astronomy) software (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3377984 and https://cartavis.github.io). This research has made use of the NASA Astrophysics Data System. N.R. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) via the Consolidator Grant ‘MAGNESIA’ (number 817661) and the Proof of Concept ‘DeepSpacePulse’ (number 101189496), by the Catalan grant SGR2021-01269 (principal investigator V. Graber/N.R.), the Spanish grant ID2023-153099NA-I00 (principal investigator F. Coti Zelati), and by the programme Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M. T.B. acknowledges financial support from the Framework per l’Attrazione e il Rafforzamento delle Eccellenze (FARE) per la ricerca in Italia (R20L5S39T9). D.L.K. is supported by NSF grant AST-1816492. The material is based upon work supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC24M0006. Z. Wadiasingh, J.H. and G.Y. acknowledge support by NASA under award numbers 80GSFC21M0002 and 80GSFC21M0006. P.B. acknowledges support from a NASA grant 80NSSC24K0770, a grant (number 2020747) from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel and by a grant (number 1649/23) from the Israel Science Foundation. A.J.C. acknowledges support from the Oxford Hintze Centre for Astrophysical Surveys, which is funded through generous support from the Hintze Family Charitable Foundation. Basic research in radio astronomy at the US Naval Research Laboratory is supported by 6.1 Base funding. Construction and installation of VLITE was supported by the NRL Sustainment Restoration and Maintenance fund. M.G. is supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects funding scheme (DP210102103), and through UK STFC Grant ST/Y001117/1. M.G. acknowledges support from the Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy (IDIA). IDIA is a partnership of the University of Cape Town, the University of Pretoria and the University of the Western Cape. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission. N.H.-W. is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (project number FT190100231) funded by the Australian Government. M.C. acknowledges the support of an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (project number DE220100819) funded by the Australian Government. C.W.J. acknowledges support by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects funding scheme (project DP210102103). M.E.L. receives support from the ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award DE250100508. The Chandra X-ray observation presented in this paper and partial funding for K.M. are supported by SAO grant GO3-24121X. M.P.-T. acknowledges financial support from the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S and from the National grant PID2023-147883NB-C21, funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. K.R. thanks the LSST-DA Data Science Fellowship Program, which is funded by LSST-DA, the Brinson Foundation and the Moore Foundation; their participation in the programme has benefited this work. A.T.D., R.M.S., Y.W., J.N.J.-S. and Y.W.J.L. acknowledge support through Australian Research Council Discovery Project DP220102305. Y.W. acknowledges support through Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT190100155. R.T. acknowledges support from funding provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), under award number 80NSSC20M0124, Michigan Space Grant Consortium (MSGC). F.W. was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 12494575 and 12273009). Parts of this research were conducted by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), through project numbers CE170100004 and CE230100016.