Validation of TESS Planet Candidates with Multicolor Transit Photometry and TRICERATOPS+

Abstract

Copyright and License

© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

We thank the anonymous referee for a helpful report. This work is based on observations obtained at the Hale Telescope, Palomar Observatory, as part of a collaborative agreement between the Caltech Optical Observatories and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (operated by Caltech for NASA). We are grateful to the Palomar Observatory staff and telescope operators, including Kathleen Koviak, Paul Nied, Tom Barlow, Carolyn Heffner, Isaac Wilson, Diana Roderick, and Joel Pearman, for their invaluable assistance with the observations. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004) and funded through the President’s and Director’s Research & Development Fund Program.

This paper made use of data collected by the TESS mission. These data are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. K.A.C. and C.N.W. acknowledge support from the TESS mission via subaward s3449 from MIT.

This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. This paper is based on observations made with the MuSCAT instruments, developed by the Astrobiology Center (ABC) in Japan, the University of Tokyo, and Las Cumbres Observatory (LCOGT). MuSCAT3 was developed with financial support by JSPS KAKENHI (JP18H05439) and JST PRESTO (JPMJPR1775), and is located at the Faulkes Telescope North on Maui, HI (USA), operated by LCOGT. MuSCAT4 was developed with financial support provided by the Heising-Simons Foundation (grant 2022-3611), JST grant number JPMJCR1761, and the ABC in Japan, and is located at the Faulkes Telescope South at Siding Spring Observatory (Australia), operated by LCOGT. This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sánchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide.

The work of H.P.O. has been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grants 51NF40-182901 and 51NF40-205606. This work is partly financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through grants PGC2018-098153-B-C31. This work is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant Numbers JP24H00017, JP24K00689, and JSPS Bilateral Program Number JPJSBP120249910.

We acknowledge financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the ERDF “A way of making Europe” through project PID2021-125627OB-C32, and from the Centre of Excellence “Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. F. M. acknowledges the financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU/AEI) through grant PID2023-152906NA-I00.

This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; DOI: 10.26134/ExoFOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program.