The Mu2e Digitizer ReAdout Controller (DiRAC): Characterization and radiation hardness

Creators: Atanov, N.; Baranov, V.; Bloise, C.; Borrel, L.¹; Ceravolo, S.; Cervelli, F.; Colao, F.; Cordelli, M.; Corradi, G.; Davydov, Yu.I.; Di Falco, S.; Diociaiuti, E.; Donati, S.; Echenard, B.¹; Fedeli, P.; Ferrari, C.; Gioiosa, A.; Giovannella, S.; Giusti, V.; Glagolev, V.; Hampai, D.; Happacher, F.; Hitlin, D.G.¹; Martini, M.; Middleton, S.¹; Miscetti, S.; Morescalchi, L.; Paesani, D.; Pasciuto, D.; Pedreschi, E.; Porter, F.¹; Raffaelli, F.; Saputi, A.; Sarra, I.; Spinella, F.; Taffara, A.; Zhu, R.Y.¹

1. California Institute of Technology

Abstract

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the neutrino-less coherent conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus. Mu2e detectors comprise a straw tracker, an electromagnetic calorimeter and a veto for cosmic rays. The calorimeter employs 1348 Cesium Iodide crystals readout by silicon photo-multipliers and fast front-end, and digitization electronics. The digitization board is named DiRAC (Digitizer ReAdout Controller) and 140 cards are needed for the readout of the full calorimeter. The DiRACs are hosted in crates located on the external surface of calorimeter disks, inside the detector solenoid cryostat and must sustain very high radiation and magnetic field so it was necessary to fully qualify it. Several version of prototypes were validated for operation in a high-vacuum (10⁻⁴ Torr) and under a 1T magnetic field. An extensive radiation hardness qualification campaign, carried out with photons, 14 MeV neutron beams, and 200 MeV protons, certified the DiRAC design to sustain doses up to 12 krad, neutron fluences up to , and very low occurrences of single-event effects. The qualification campaigns and quality assurance procedures will be reviewed.

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Acknowledgement

We are grateful for the vital contributions of the Fermilab staff and the technical staff of the participating institutions. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the Ministry of Education and Science, Russian Federation; the National Science Foundation, USA; the National Science Foundation, China; the Helmholtz Association, Germany; and the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 734303, 822185, 858199, 101003460, 101006726, and 101008126 (corresponding to the RADNEXT project). The authors thanks the CNAO center in Pavia for providing proton beam time. This document was prepared by members of the Mu2e Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Elena Pedreschi reports was provided by National Institute of Nuclear Physics Section of Pisa. Elena Pedreschi reports a relationship with National Institute of Nuclear Physics Section of Pisa that includes: employment. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Resource type: Journal Article
Publisher: Elsevier
Published in: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1068, 169688, ISSN: 0168-9002.
Languages: English