Multiband reflectance and shadowing of the protoplanetary disk RX J1604.3-2130 in scattered light
Creators
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1.
Sun Yat-sen University
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2.
Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur
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3.
French National Centre for Scientific Research
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4.
California Institute of Technology
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5.
Johns Hopkins University
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6.
ETH Zurich
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7.
Carnegie Institution for Science
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8.
Jet Propulsion Lab
Abstract
Context. A spatially resoved circumstellar disk spectrum and composition can provide valuable insights into the bulk composition of forming planets and into the mineralogical signatures that emerge during and after planet formation.
Aims. We systemically extracted the RX J1604.3-213010 (J1604 hereafter) protoplanetary disk in high-contrast imaging observations and obtained its multi-band reflectance in the visible to near-infrared wavelengths.
Methods. We obtained coronagraphic observations of J1604 from the Keck Observatory NIRC2 instrument and archival data from the Very Large Telescope SPHERE instrument. Using archival images to remove star light and speckles, we recovered the J1604 disk and obtained its surface brightness using forward modeling. Together with polarization data, we obtained the relative reflectance of the disk in R, J, H (H2 and H3), K (K1 and K2), and L′ bands spanning 2 yr.
Results. Relative to the J1604 star, the resolved disk has a reflectance of ~10−1 arcsec−2 in R through H bands and ~10−2 arcsec−2 in K and L′ bands, showing a blue color. Together with other systems, we summarized the multiband reflectance for nine systems. We also identified a varying disk geometry structure, and a shadow that vanished between June and August in 2015.
Conclusions. Motivated by broadband observations, the deployment of the latest technologies could yield higher-resolution reflection spectra, thereby informing the dust composition of disks in scattered light in the future. With multi-epoch observations, variable shadows have the potential to deepen our insight into the dynamic characteristics of inner disk regions.
Copyright and License
© The Authors 2024. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Acknowledgement
We thank Myriam Benisty for discussions on shadowing effects, and Juan Quiroz for sharing a disk modeling example. We thank Benoît Carry, Pierre Beck, and Oliver Poch for discusssions on dust reflectance. This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101103114. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (PROTOPLANETS, grant agreement No. 101002188). We acknowledge the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFC2201400), NSFC grant 12073092, 12103097, 12103098, 11733006, the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project (No. CMS-CSST-2021-B09), Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (grant No. 2019B030302001), Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Program (202102080371), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University. Based on observations performed with VLT/SPHERE under program ID 095.C-0673(A) and 295.C-5034(A). This research is partially supported by NASA ROSES XRP, award 80NSSC19K0294. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. Part of the computations presented here were conducted in the Resnick High Performance Computing Center, a facility supported by Resnick Sustainability Institute at the California Institute of Technology.
Data Availability
A copy of the reduced images is available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr (130.79.128.5) or via https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/684/A168
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Additional details
Additional titles
- Alternative title
- Multi-band reflectance and shadowing of RX J1604.3-2130 protoplanetary disk in scattered light
Related works
- Is new version of
- Discussion Paper: arXiv:2402.16698 (arXiv)
- Is supplemented by
- Dataset: https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/684/A168 (URL)
Funding
- European Commission
- 101103114
- European Research Council
- 101002188
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
- 2020YFC2201400
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 12073092
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 12103097
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 12103098
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 11733006
- China Manned Space Project
- CMS-CSST-2021-B09
- Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research
- 2019B030302001
- Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Program
- 202102080371
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC19K0294
- W. M. Keck Foundation
Dates
- Accepted
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2024-02-08
- Available
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2024-04-22Published online