Measurement-Altered Ising Quantum Criticality
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1.
California Institute of Technology
Abstract
Quantum critical systems constitute appealing platforms for exploring novel measurement-induced phenomena due to their innate sensitivity to perturbations. We study the impact of measurements on paradigmatic Ising quantum-critical chains using an explicit protocol, whereby correlated ancillae are entangled with the critical chain and then projectively measured. Using a perturbative analytic framework supported by extensive numerical simulations, we demonstrate that measurements can qualitatively alter critical correlations in a manner dependent on the choice of entangling gate, ancilla measurement basis, measurement outcome, and nature of ancilla correlations. We further show that measurement-altered Ising criticality can be pursued surprisingly efficiently in experiments featuring of order 100 qubits by postselecting for high-probability measurement outcomes or, in certain cases, by averaging observables separately over measurement outcomes residing in distinct symmetry sectors. Our framework naturally adapts to more exotic quantum-critical points and highlights opportunities for realization in noisy intermediate-scale quantum hardware and in Rydberg arrays.
Copyright and License
Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
Acknowledgement
It is a pleasure to acknowledge enlightening conversations with Ehud Altman, Mario Collura, Adolfo Del Campo, Manuel Endres, Matthew Fisher, Sam Garratt, Tim Hsieh, Dan Mao, Chao-Ming Jian, Sheng-Hsuan Lin, Olexei Motrunich, Kelly Shane, Xhek Turkeshi, Ettore Vicari, Omar Wani, and Zack Weinstein. We are also very grateful to Zack Weinstein for suggesting the approach developed in Appendix C. Tensor network calculations were performed using the tenpy Library [68]. The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Quantum Science Center supported the construction and numerical analysis of the protocol for probing measurement-altered Ising criticality. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR-1848336 (R. M.), the Caltech Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant No. GBMF1250, and the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics at Caltech.
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Additional details
- United States Department of Energy
- National Science Foundation
- DMR-1848336
- California Institute of Technology
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- GBMF1250
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics
- Caltech groups
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Quantum Information and Matter