Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

Luo, Yifei; Abidian, Mohammad Reza; Ahn, Jong-Hyun; Akinwande, Deji; Andrews, Anne M.; Antonietti, Markus; Bao, Zhenan; Berggren, Magnus; Berkey, Christopher A.; Bettinger, Christopher John; Chen, Jun; Chen, Peng; Cheng, Wenlong; Cheng, Xu; Choi, Seon-Jin; Chortos, Alex; Dagdeviren, Canan; Dauskardt, Reinhold H.; Di, Chong-an; Dickey, Michael D.; Duan, Xiangfeng; Facchetti, Antonio; Fan, Zhiyong; Fang, Yin; Feng, Jianyou; Feng, Xue; Gao, Huajian; Gao, Wei; Gong, Xiwen; Guo, Chuan Fei; Guo, Xiaojun; Hartel, Martin C.; He, Zihan; Ho, John S.; Hu, Youfan; Huang, Qiyao; Huang, Yu; Huo, Fengwei; Hussain, Muhammad M.; Javey, Ali; Jeong, Unyong; Jiang, Chen; Jiang, Xingyu; Kang, Jiheong; Karnaushenko, Daniil; Khademhosseini, Ali; Kim, Dae-Hyeong; Kim, Il-Doo; Kireev, Dmitry; Kong, Lingxuan; Lee, Chengkuo; Lee, Nae-Eung; Lee, Pooi See; Lee, Tae-Woo; Li, Fengyu; Li, Jinxing; Liang, Cuiyuan; Lim, Chwee Teck; Lin, Yuanjing; Lipomi, Darren J.; Liu, Jia; Liu, Kai; Liu, Nan; Liu, Ren; Liu, Yuxin; Liu, Yuxuan; Liu, Zhiyuan; Liu, Zhuangjian; Loh, Xian Jun; Lu, Nanshu; Lv, Zhisheng; Magdassi, Shlomo; Malliaras, George G.; Matsuhisa, Naoji; Nathan, Arokia; Niu, Simiao; Pan, Jieming; Pang, Changhyun; Pei, Qibing; Peng, Huisheng; Qi, Dianpeng; Ren, Huaying; Rogers, John A.; Rowe, Aaron; Schmidt, Oliver G.; Sekitani, Tsuyoshi; Seo, Dae-Gyo; Shen, Guozhen; Sheng, Xing; Shi, Qiongfeng; Someya, Takao; Song, Yanlin; Stavrinidou, Eleni; Su, Meng; Sun, Xuemei; Takei, Kuniharu; Tao, Xiao-Ming; Tee, Benjamin C. K.; Thean, Aaron Voon-Yew; Trung, Tran Quang; Wan, Changjin; Wang, Huiliang; Wang, Joseph; Wang, Ming; Wang, Sihong; Wang, Ting; Wang, Zhong Lin; Weiss, Paul S.; Wen, Hanqi; Xu, Sheng; Xu, Tailin; Yan, Hongping; Yan, Xuzhou; Yang, Hui; Yang, Le; Yang, Shuaijian; Yin, Lan; Yu, Cunjiang; Yu, Guihua; Yu, Jing; Yu, Shu-Hong; Yu, Xinge; Zamburg, Evgeny; Zhang, Haixia; Zhang, Xiangyu; Zhang, Xiaosheng; Zhang, Xueji; Zhang, Yihui; Zhang, Yu; Zhao, Siyuan; Zhao, Xuanhe; Zheng, Yuanjin; Zheng, Yu-Qing; Zheng, Zijian; Zhou, Tao; Zhu, Bowen; Zhu, Ming; Zhu, Rong; Zhu, Yangzhi; Zhu, Yong; Zou, Guijin; Chen, Xiaodong

doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c12606

Published March 9, 2023 | Version Published

Journal Article Open

Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

1. Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
2. Nanyang Technological University
3. University of Houston
4. Yonsei University
5. The University of Texas at Austin
6. California NanoSystems Institute
7. Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
8. Stanford University
9. Linköping University
10. Wallenberg Wood Science Center
11. Carnegie Mellon University
12. University of California, Los Angeles
13. Monash University
14. Tsinghua University
15. Hanyang University
16. Purdue University West Lafayette
17. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
18. Institute of Chemistry
19. North Carolina State University
20. Northwestern University
21. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
22. Fudan University
23. Institute of High Performance Computing
24. California Institute of Technology
25. University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
26. Southern University of Science and Technology
27. Shanghai Jiao Tong University
28. National University of Singapore
29. Peking University
30. Hong Kong Polytechnic University
31. Nanjing Tech University
32. University of California, Berkeley
33. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
34. Pohang University of Science and Technology
35. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
36. Chemnitz University of Technology
37. Terasaki Foundation
38. Seoul National University
39. Suzhou Research Institute
40. Sungkyunkwan University
41. Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise
42. Jinan University
43. Michigan State University
44. Harbin Institute of Technology
45. University of California, San Diego
46. Harvard University
47. Beijing Normal University
48. Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
49. Hebrew University of Jerusalem
50. University of Cambridge
51. University of Tokyo
52. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
53. TU Dresden
54. Osaka University
55. Beijing Institute of Technology
56. Nanjing University
57. University of Chicago
58. Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
59. Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
60. Chinese Academy of Sciences
61. Georgia Institute of Technology
62. Shenzhen University
63. Tianjin University
64. University of Leeds
65. Pennsylvania State University
66. University of Science and Technology of China
67. City University of Hong Kong
68. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
69. Westlake University

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.

Copyright and License

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare the following competing financialinterest(s): A.M.A. and P.S.W. have a number of patentapplications related to the technologies described in this article

Acknowledgement

Y.L., Z.L., M.Z., and X.C. acknowledge the National ResearchFoundation, Singapore (NRF) under NRF’s Medium SizedCentre: Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics (SHINE) Centre funding programme, and AMEprogramming funding scheme of Cyber Physiochemical Inter-face (CPI) project (no. A18A1b0045). Y.L. acknowledgesNational Natural Science Foundation of China (62201243). C.J.acknowledges funding support from the National Key R&DProgram of China (no. 2019YFA0706100), the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (82151305), LingangLaboratory (LG-QS-202202-09). T.Q.T. and N.E.L. acknowl-edge support by the Basic Science Research Program (no.2020R1A2C3013480) through the National Research Founda-tion of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT.A.F. acknowledges the AFOSR (grant FA9550-22-1-0423). Y.L.and Y.Z. would like to acknowledge the NSF (award no.2134664) and NIH (award no. R01HD108473) for financialsupport. X.F. acknowledges the support from the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (grant no. U20A6001).L.Y. would like to thank the A*STAR Central Research Fund(CRF) and the AME Programmatic A18A1b0045 (CyberPhysiochemical Interfaces) for funding support. C.F.G.acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (no. T2225017). T.Q.T. acknowledges the Brain PoolProgram (No. 2020H1D3A2A02111068) through the NationalResearch Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science.Z.L. acknowledges the support from RIE2020 AME Pro-grammatic Grant funded by A*STAR-SERC, Singapore (GrantNo. A18A1b0045). X.G. acknowledges funding support throughthe Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (grant no.19JC1412400), the National Science Fund for Excellent YoungScholars (grant no. 61922057). C.D. acknowledges NationalScience Foundation CAREER: Conformable Piezoelectrics forSoft Tissue Imaging (grant no. 2044688) and MIT Media LabConsortium funding. D.K. and O.G.S. acknowledge LeibnizAssociation and the German Research Foundation DFG(Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program SCHM 1298/22-1,KA5051/1-1 and KA 5051/3-1), as well as the Leibnizassociation (Leibniz Transfer Program T62/2019). C.W.acknowledges the National Key Research and DevelopmentProgram of China (grant no. 2021YFA1202600), NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 62174082).A.V.-Y.T., E.Z., Y.Z., X.Z., and J.P. acknowledge the NationalResearch Foundation, Singapore (NRF) under NRF’s MediumSized Centre: Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation μ-Electronics (SHINE) Centre funding programme, and AMEprogramming funding scheme of Cyber Physiochemical Inter-face (CPI) project (no. A18A1b0045). R.Z. acknowledgesNational Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no.51735007) and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant no.3191001). N.M. acknowledges the support by JST PRESTOGrant Number JPMJPR20B7 and JST Adaptable and SeamlessTechnology transfer Program through Target-driven R&D (A-STEP) grant number JPMJTM22BK. C.P. acknowledges theKorean government (Ministry of Science and ICT, MSIT)(2022R1A4A3032923). M.W. acknowledges the National KeyR&D Program of China under Grant (2021YFB3601200). X.Z. acknowledges National Natural Science Foundation of China(no. 62074029). S.X. acknowledges the 3M nontenured facultyaward. T.-W.L. and D.-G.S. acknowledge the Pioneer ResearchCenter Program through the National Research Foundation ofKorea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & FuturePlanning (grant no. NRF-2022M3C1A3081211). C.T.L. wouldlike to acknowledge support from the Institute for HealthInnovation and Technology (iHealthtech), the MechanoBioEn-gineering Laboratory at the Department of BiomedicalEngineering and the Institute for Functional IntelligentMaterials (I-FIM) at the National University of Singapore(NUS). C.T.L. also acknowledges support from the NationalResearch Foundation and A*STAR, under its RIE2020 IndustryAlignment Fund − Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP)(grant no. I2001E0059) − SIA-NUS Digital Aviation Corp Laband the NUS ARTIC Research (grant no. HFM-RP1). X.Y.acknowledges funding support by City University of Hong Kong(grant no. 9667221). T.X. and X.Z. acknowledge NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (22234006). B.C.K.T.acknowledges Cyber-Physiochemical Interfaces CPI, A*STARA18A1b0045. H.G. acknowledges a research start-up grant(002479-00001) from Nanyang Technological University andthe Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) inSingapore. W.G. acknowledges National Science Foundationgrant 2145802. D.J.L. acknowledges support from the USNational Science Foundation grant number CBET-2223566.G.Y. acknowledges support from The Welch Foundation awardF-1861, and Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award. M.D.D.acknowledges funding support from NSF (grant no. EEC-1160483). J.-H.A acknowledges the National ResearchFoundation of Korea (NRF-2015R1A3A2066337). J.C. ac-knowledges the Henry Samueli School of Engineering &Applied Science and the Department of Bioengineering at theUniversity of California, Los Angeles for startup support and aBrain & Behavior Research Foundation Young InvestigatorGrant. K.T. acknowledges JST AIP Accelerated Program (no.JPMJCR21U1) and JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. JP22H00594).P.S.W. acknowledges the National Science Foundation (CMMI-1636136) for support. A.M.A., M.C.H., and P.S.W. thank theNational Institute on Drug Abuse (DA045550) for support.S.M. and X.C. appreciated the support from the Smart Grippersfor Soft Robotics (SGSR) Programme under the NationalResearch Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore underits Campus of Research Excellence and Technological Enter-prise (CREATE) programme.

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Additional details

PMCID: PMC11223676

Is new version of: Journal Article: PMC11223676 (PMCID)

Ministry of Science and ICT
2022R1A4A3032923
Brain & Behavior Research Foundation
City University of Hong Kong
9667221
National Natural Science Foundation of China
22234006
National Natural Science Foundation of China
51735007
National Natural Science Foundation of China
61922057
National Natural Science Foundation of China
62074029
National Natural Science Foundation of China
62174082
National Natural Science Foundation of China
62201243
National Natural Science Foundation of China
82151305
National Natural Science Foundation of China
T2225017
National Natural Science Foundation of China
U20A6001
Leibniz Association
T62/2019
Agency for Science, Technology and Research
002479-00001
Agency for Science, Technology and Research
A18A1b0045
Agency for Science, Technology and Research
I2001E0059
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
2019YFA0706100
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
2021YFA1202600
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
2021YFB3601200
National Research Foundation of Korea
2015R1A3A2066337
National Research Foundation of Korea
2020H1D3A2A02111068
National Research Foundation of Korea
2020R1A2C3013480
National Research Foundation of Korea
2022M3C1A3081211
National Research Foundation
Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-Driven R and D
JPMJTM22BK
United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research
FA9550-22-1-0423
Japan Science and Technology Agency
JPMJPR20B7
Division of Engineering Education & Centers
1160483
Division of Electrical, Communications & Cyber Systems
2044688
Division of Electrical, Communications & Cyber Systems
2145802
University of California, Los Angeles
National Institute on Drug Abuse
DA045550
Division of Civil, Mechanical & Manufacturing Innovation
1636136
Division of Civil, Mechanical & Manufacturing Innovation
2134664
3M (United States)
Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems
CBET-2223566
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
R01HD108473
Welch Foundation
F-1861
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality
3191001
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
SCHM 1298/22-1
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
SCHM KA 5051/3-1
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
SCHM KA5051/1-1
MIT Media Lab
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
JP22H00594
Japan Science and Technology Agency
JPMJCR21U1
National University of Singapore
HFM-RP1
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
19JC1412400
Nanyang Technological University
002479-00001
Lingang Laboratory
LG-QS-202202-09
Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore
Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore

Accepted: 2023-03-28

published print
Accepted: 2023-03-09

published online

Publication Status: Published

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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

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