Chaotic tides as a solution to the Hyperion problem

The dynamics of the outer regular satellites of Saturn are driven primarily by the outward migration of Titan, but several independent constraints on Titan’s migration are difficult to reconcile with the current resonant orbit of the small satellite Hyperion. We argue that Hyperion’s rapid irregular tumbling greatly increases tidal dissipation with a steep dependence on orbital eccentricity. Resonant excitation from a migrating Titan is then balanced by damping in a feedback mechanism that maintains Hyperion’s eccentricity without fine-tuning. The inferred tidal parameters of Hyperion are most consistent with rapid Titan migration enabled by a resonance lock with an internal mode of Saturn, but a scenario with only equilibrium dissipation in Saturn is also possible.