Consumption Based Source Apportionment Indicates Different Regional Contributions to O₃ Concentrations and Health Effects
Abstract
China is confronting aggravated ozone (O3) pollution, leading to adverse health impacts. This study quantifies the regional contributions to O3 in China using two approaches; estimating ① where goods are produced (the production method), and ② where goods are consumed (the consumption method). The production method predicts higher local source contribution than the consumption method; this difference can be attributed to exports. Occurrence of high-O3 episodes suggests a major contribution to O3 concentration as a result of trade activities. Based on the consumption method, 9219 out of 18 532 daily premature mortalities were caused by local sources in north China, while it increased to 14 471 of the production method when neglecting contributions due to export and consumption in other regions. This study suggests that O3 control should consider both where goods are consumed and emissions are emitted, especially taking account of international trade activities.
Copyright and License
© 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the co-fund Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)–National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Sino–German Air Changes project (448720203), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077194/42061134008), and Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project (21230780200).
Supplemental Material
Supplementary data 1.
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Additional details
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Shanghai International Science and Technology
- Accepted
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2022-11-09Accepted
- Available
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2023-05-23Published online
- Available
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2023-12-15Version of Record online
- Caltech groups
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences (GPS)
- Publication Status
- Published