Transverse flow measurement using photoacoustic Doppler bandwidth broadening: phantom and in vivo studies

Abstract

In photoacoustic (PA) imaging of microvascular networks, the transverse component of the blood flow that is perpendicular to the acoustic probing beam is usually dominant. We propose a new method to measure the transverse flow, based on the Doppler bandwidth broadening. The bandwidth broadening is inversely proportional to the transit time spent by the absorbers passing through the focus. Because the photoacoustic signal in one A-scan has a wide band, multiple successive A-scans are used to estimate the relatively small signal variance. Then the bandwidth broadening can be calculated from the standard derivation of the Doppler spectrum. By exploiting the pulse excitation and bidirectional raster motor scanning, threedimensional structural and flow information can be obtained simultaneously. From a flow of a suspension of carbon particles (diameter: 6 μm), transverse flow speeds from 0 to 2.5 mm/s were measured using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. The bandwidth broadening at each speed was in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. The blood flow in a mouse brain was also imaged.

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