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Published July 13, 2024 | Published
Journal Article Open

Engineering programmable material-to-cell pathways via synthetic notch receptors to spatially control differentiation in multicellular constructs

Abstract

Synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors are genetically encoded, modular synthetic receptors that enable mammalian cells to detect environmental signals and respond by activating user-prescribed transcriptional programs. Although some materials have been modified to present synNotch ligands with coarse spatial control, applications in tissue engineering generally require extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived scaffolds and/or finer spatial positioning of multiple ligands. Thus, we develop here a suite of materials that activate synNotch receptors for generalizable engineering of material-to-cell signaling. We genetically and chemically fuse functional synNotch ligands to ECM proteins and ECM-derived materials. We also generate tissues with microscale precision over four distinct reporter phenotypes by culturing cells with two orthogonal synNotch programs on surfaces microcontact-printed with two synNotch ligands. Finally, we showcase applications in tissue engineering by co-transdifferentiating fibroblasts into skeletal muscle or endothelial cell precursors in user-defined micropatterns. These technologies provide avenues for spatially controlling cellular phenotypes in mammalian tissues.

Copyright and License

© The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge Marion Johnson and all the members of the Morsut, McCain, Li, Khademhosseini Lab for insightful discussions and suggestions on the project. The authors acknowledge their family and friends that support them always and in particular for the times of this work that took place during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research reported in this publication was supported by NIGMS of the National Institutes of Health under award number R35GM138256 (L.M.); the National Science Foundation award number CBET-2145528 Faculty Early Career Development Program (L.M.); NSF RECODE from CBET-2034495 (M.L.M., L.M.); USC Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Startup Fund (L.M.); Wellcome Trust, Leap HOPE (L.M.), Viterbi Center for CIEBOrg (L.M., M.L.M.). T.H. acknowledges support from the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award T32HL069766 and the UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Research Award. Fellowships for students: CIRM fellowship for S.D., Fellowships from BME Department for the first year for M.G., N.C., and S.D. Grace True, Finacy Jin for technical support for the project. S.L. acknowledges the support of the Innovation Award from the UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and grants (GM143485 and NS126918) from the National Institute of Health. GFP structures used in Figs. 1A, F and 2A, D created with BioRender.com. Marvin was used for drawing and displaying chemical structures, substructures, and reactions, Marvin 19.7.0, 2019, ChemAxon (http://www.chemaxon.com).

Contributions

These authors contributed equally: Mher Garibyan, Tyler Hoffman.

M.G., T.H., T.M., S.D., A.R.M., N.C., S.L., M.L.M., and L.M. designed the experiments. M.G., T.H., T.M., S.D., N.P., R.E.L., J.S., and B.J. performed the experiments. M.G., T.H., T.M., S.D., R.E.L., and B.J. analyzed the data. M.G., T.H., T.M., S.D., A.K., S.L., M.L.M., and L.M. contributed to data interpretation and discussion. M.G., T.H., T.M., S.D., S.L., M.L.M., and L.M. wrote the manuscript. L.M., M.L.M., S.L., and A.K. acquired funding for the project.

Data Availability

The source data file at the following link contains the quantified data points for each data graph in the figures. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25648026. The bulk and single-nuclei RNA sequencing data generated in this study have been deposited in the NIH GEO database under accession code GSE269404. Plasmids generated in this study are available on Addgene. Source data are provided with this paper.

Code Availability

The ImageJ macro used for the generation of scrambled pixel images for Fig. 3 is provided in the supplemental information file.

Conflict of Interest

The technology transfer office of USC with the authors have filed patent disclosures with the technology described here; LM is an inventor on a previous synNotch patent for applications in cancer cell therapy licensed to Gilead; M.L.M. is an inventor on a patent on gelatin hydrogels licensed to Emulate. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

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Additional details

Created:
July 15, 2024
Modified:
July 15, 2024