High-rate multiplexed entanglement source based on time-bin qubits for advanced quantum networks

Creators: Mueller, Andrew¹; Davis, Samantha I.; Korzh, Boris; Valivarthi, Raju; Beyer, Andrew D.; Youssef, Rahaf; Sinclair, Neil; Peña, Cristián; Shaw, Matthew D.; Spiropulu, Maria¹

1. California Institute of Technology

Abstract

Entanglement distribution based on time-bin qubits is an attractive option for emerging quantum networks. We demonstrate a 4.09-GHz repetition rate source of photon pairs entangled across early and late time bins separated by 80 ps. Simultaneous high rates and high visibilities are achieved through frequency multiplexing the spontaneous parametric down conversion output into eight time-bin entangled channel pairs. We demonstrate entanglement visibilities as high as 99.4%, total entanglement rates up to 3.55×10⁶ coincidences/s, and predict a straightforward path towards achieving up to an order of magnitude improvement in rates without compromising visibility. Finally, we resolve the density matrices of the entangled states for each multiplexed channel and express distillable entanglement rates in ebit/s, thereby quantifying the trade-off between visibility and coincidence rates that contributes to useful entanglement distribution. This source is a fundamental building block for high-rate entanglement-based quantum key distribution systems or advanced quantum networks.

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Acknowledgement

Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (No. 80 NM0018D0004). Support for this work was provided in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Defense Sciences Office (DSO) Invisible Headlights program, NASA SCaN, Alliance for Quantum Technologies’ (AQT) Intelligent Quantum Networks and Technologies (INQNET) program, and the Caltech/JPL PDRDF program. A. M., S.I.D and R.Y. are supported in part by the Brinson Foundation. M.S. is in part supported by the Department of Energy under Grant No. SC0019219. This work is partially funded by the Department of Energy Advanced Scientific Computing Research Transparent Optical Quantum Networks for Distributed Science program, IEQNET consortium Grant run by the Fermilab Quantum Institute. We are grateful to Si Xie (Fermilab/Caltech) and Lautaro Narvaez for supporting this work in terms of equipment and facilities. The authors acknowledge Prathwiraj Umesh (Caltech/TU Wien) for great assistance in reviewing the manuscript.

Funding

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (80 NM0018D0004, PDRDF program); Defense Sciences Office; NASA SCaN; Alliance for Quantum Technologies, California Institute of Technology; Brinson Foundation; Fermilab Quantum Institute; U.S. Department of Energy (SC0019219, SC002376)

Data Availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are available in Code 1, Ref. [44] and Dataset 1, Ref. [45].

See Supplement 1 for supporting content.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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