Published January 2024 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

Sulphur X-ray absorption in the local ISM

  • 1. ROR icon Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
  • 2. ROR icon Western Michigan University
  • 3. ROR icon Hasan Kalyoncu University
  • 4. ROR icon Netherlands Institute for Space Research
  • 5. ROR icon University of Amsterdam
  • 6. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 7. ROR icon Goddard Space Flight Center

Abstract

We present a study S K-edge using high-resolution HETGS Chandra spectra of 36 low-mass X-ray binaries. For each source, we have estimated column densities for S i, S ii, S iii, S xiv, S xv, and S xvi ionic species, which trace the neutral, warm, and hot phases of the Galactic interstellar medium. We also estimated column densities for a sample of interstellar dust analogues. We measured their distribution as a function of Galactic latitude, longitude, and distances to the sources. While the cold-warm column densities tend to decrease with the Galactic latitude, we found no correlation with distances or Galactic longitude. This is the first detailed analysis of the sulphur K-edge absorption due to ISM using high-resolution X-ray spectra.

Copyright and License

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Acknowledgement

We thank the anonymous referee for the careful reading of our manuscript and the valuable comments.

Data Availability

Observations analyzed in this article are available in the Chandra Grating-Data Archive and Catalog (TGCat) (http://tgcat.mit.edu/about.php). The ISMabs model is included in the xspec data analysis software (https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/xanadu/xspec/). This research was carried out on the High Performance Computing resources of the cobra cluster at the Max Planck Computing and Data Facility (MPCDF) in Garching operated by the Max Planck Society (MPG)

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2310.11498 (arXiv)

Dates

Accepted
2023-10-17
Available
2023-10-21
Published
Available
2023-11-09
Corrected and typeset

Caltech Custom Metadata

Caltech groups
Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published