The La Silla Schmidt Southern Survey

Abstract

Copyright and License

© 2025. The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP). Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility using NERSC award HEP–ERCAP33561. P.E.N., R.A.K., K.W.L., and C.W. acknowledge support from the DOE/ASCR through DE-FOA-0001088, Analytical Modeling for Extreme-Scale Computing Environments, the X-SWAP Project.

A.A.M., C.L., and N.R. are supported by DoE award no. DE-SC0025599. La Silla Schmidt Southern Survey access for A.A.M., S.H., C.D.K., L.A.K., C.L., N.R., S.S., and V.S. was supported by Northwestern University and the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA). I.A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 852097), from the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 2752/19), from the United States—Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF; grant No. 2018166), and from the Pazy foundation (grant No. 216312). N.S.A. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant No. 1909641 and the Heising-Simons Foundation under grant No. 2022-3542. S.A. is supported by an LSST-DA Catalyst Fellowship (Grant 62192 from the John Templeton Foundation to LSST-DA). S.A. also gratefully acknowledges support from Stanford University, the United States Department of Energy, and a generous grant from Fred Kavli and The Kavli Foundation. D.B. is partially supported by a NASA Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST) award no. 80NSSC23K1440. F.E.B. acknowledges support from ANID-Chile BASAL CATA FB210003, FONDECYT Regular 1241005, and Millennium Science Initiative, AIM23-0001. H.B. acknowledges the support by ANID BASAL Project 210003, ANID grant: Programa de Becas/Doctorado Nacional (21241862). Support for M.C. is provided by ANID’s FONDECYT Regular grant No. 1231637; ANID’s Millennium Science Initiative through grants ICN12_009 and AIM23-0001, awarded to the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS); and ANID’s Basal project FB210003. A.F. and P.M.V. acknowledge the support from the DFG via the Collaborative Research Center SFB1491 Cosmic Interacting Matters—From Source to Signal. C.F. acknowledges support from STFC funding through grants ST/V002031/1, ST/X00130X/1, and the Royal Society through grant IES\ R3\ 223075. A.G. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council, Dnr 2020-03444 and the Swedish National Space Agency, Dnr 2023-0022. C.P.G. acknowledges financial support from the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and by the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme of the European Union under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie and the Beatriu de Pinós 2021 BP 00168 programme, from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) 10.13039/501100011033 under the PID2023-151307NB-I00 SNNEXT project, from Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) under the PIE project 20215AT016 and the program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, and from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya through the 2021-SGR-01270 grant. L.G. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) 10.13039/501100011033 under the PID2023-151307NB-I00 SNNEXT project, from Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) under projects PIE 20215AT016, ILINK23001, COOPB2304, and the program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, and from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya through the 2021-SGR-01270 grant. I.H. gratefully acknowledges support from the Leverhulme Trust [International Fellowship IF-2023-027] and the UKRI Science and Technologies Facilities Council [grants ST/V000713/1 and ST/Y001230/1]. M.J.H. acknowledges support from the Heising-Simons Foundation under grant No. 2022-3542. S.H. was supported through a NASA grant awarded to the Illinois/NASA Space Grant Consortium. C.D.K. gratefully acknowledges support from the NSF through AST-2432037, the HST Guest Observer Program through HST-SNAP-17070 and HST-GO-17706, and from JWST Archival Research through JWST-AR-6241 and JWST-AR-5441. LAK is supported by a CIERA Postdoctoral Fellowship. R.L. acknowledges funding by the European Union (ERC, project no. 101042299, TransPIre). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. J.R.L. acknowledges support from Heising-Simons Foundation Award no. 2022-3542. D.M. acknowledges support by ERC grant No. 833031 from the European Union. K.M. acknowledges funding from Horizon Europe ERC grant No. 101125877. L.M. acknowledges support through a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship (grant No. MR/T044136/1). R.M. acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation under award no. AST-2224255. M.N. is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 948381). G.P. acknowledges support from the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) through the Millennium Science Initiative Program—ICN12_009. J.L.P. acknowledges support from ANID, Millennium Science Initiative, AIM23-0001. A.S. acknowledges support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation through the “Gravity Meets Light” project. B.D.S. acknowledges support through a UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Future Leaders Fellowship [grant No. MR/T044136/1]. C.W.S. thanks Harvard University for support of this effort. G.P.S. acknowledges support from The Royal Society, the Leverhulme Trust, and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant No. ST/X001296/1). M.T.S. thanks the Israeli Science Foundation (grant Nos. 2068/22 and 2751/22). N.S. acknowledges support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the “Gravity Meets Light” project and by and by the research environment grant “Gravitational Radiation and Electromagnetic Astrophysical Transients” (GREAT) funded by the Swedish Research Council (VR) under Dnr 2016-06012. B.T. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 950533) and from the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 1849/19). C.W. acknowledges support from the LSST Discovery Alliance under grant AWD1008640.

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by FermiForward Discovery Group, LLC, acting under Contract no. 89243024CSC000002. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of High-Energy Physics, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We gratefully acknowledge funding from ANID grants: Millennium Science Initiative—AIM23-0001 (FEB); CATA-BASAL—FB210003 (FEB); and FONDECYT Regular—1241005 (FEB). This research was funded in part by the Koret Foundation and by the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology at Stanford University. This work was supported by ANID, Millennium Science Initiative, AIM23-0001, and Centro de Modelamiento Matemático (CMM) BASAL fund FB210005.

The material contained in this document is based upon work partially supported by a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant or cooperative agreement. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of NASA.

Major funding has been provided by the LS4 Founding Members: Northwestern University, Bar-Ilan University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Millenium Institute of Astrophysics, University of Portsmouth Higher Education Corporation, Tel Aviv University, The Regents of the University of California, Berkeley, and Yale University and the LS4 New Members: Purdue University. Project operations are covered by: DESY, IN2P3, Lancaster University, Ruhr-Universität - Bochum, Stockholm University, Trinity College Dublin, University of Southampton, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Queen’s University Belfast, and the University of Birmingham.

Facilities

ESO:Schmidt - .

Software References

matplotlib (Hunter 2007), pandas (The pandas development team 2020), sncosmo (Barbary et al. 2016).