Measurement of the mean central optical depth of galaxy clusters via the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect with SPT-3G and DES
Creators
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Schiappucci, E.
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Bianchini, F.
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Aguena, M.
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Archipley, M.
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Balkenhol, L.
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Bleem, L. E.
- Chaubal, P.
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Crawford, T. M.
- Grandis, S.
- Omori, Y.
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Reichardt, C. L.
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Rozo, E.
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Rykoff, E. S.
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To, C.
- Abbott, T. M. C.
- Ade, P. A. R.
- Alves, O.
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Anderson, A. J.
- Andrade-Oliveira, F.
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Annis, J.
- Avva, J. S.
- Bacon, D.
- Benabed, K.
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Bender, A. N.
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Benson, B. A.
- Bernstein, G. M.
- Bertin, E.
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Bocquet, S.
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Bouchet, F. R.
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Brooks, D.
- Burke, D. L.
- Carlstrom, J. E.
- Carnero Rosell, A.
- Carrasco Kind, M.
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Carretero, J.
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Cecil, T. W.
- Chang, C. L.
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Chichura, P. M.
- Chou, T.-L.
- Costanzi, M.
- Cukierman, A.
- da Costa, L. N.
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Daley, C.
- de Haan, T.
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Desai, S.
- Dibert, K. R.
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Diehl, H. T.
- Dobbs, M. A.
- Doel, P.
- Doux, C.
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Dutcher, D.
- Everett, S.
- Everett, W.
- Feng, C.
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Ferguson, K. R.
- Ferrero, I.
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Ferté, A.
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Flaugher, B.
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Foster, A.
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Frieman, J.
- Galli, S.
- Gambrel, A. E.
- García-Bellido, J.
- Gardner, R. W.
- Gatti, M.
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Giannantonio, T.
- Goeckner-Wald, N.
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Gruen, D.
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Gualtieri, R.
- Guns, S.
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Gutierrez, G.
- Halverson, N. W.
- Hinton, S. R.
- Hivon, E.
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Holder, G. P.
- Hollowood, D. L.
- Holzapfel, W. L.
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Honscheid, K.
- Hood, J. C.
- Huang, N.
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James, D. J.
- Knox, L.
- Korman, M.
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Kuehn, K.
- Kuo, C.-L.
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Lahav, O.
- Lee, A. T.
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Lidman, C.
- Lima, M.
- Lowitz, A. E.
- Lu, C.
- March, M.
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Mena-Fernández, J.
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Menanteau, F.
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Millea, M.
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Miquel, R.
- Mohr, J. J.
- Montgomery, J.
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Muir, J.
- Natoli, T.
- Noble, G. I.
- Novosad, V.
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Ogando, R. L. C.
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Padin, S.
- Pan, Z.
- Paz-Chinchón, F.
- Pereira, M. E. S.
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Pieres, A.
- Plazas Malagón, A. A.
- Prabhu, K.
- Prat, J.
- Quan, W.
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Rahlin, A.
- Raveri, M.
- Rodriguez-Monroy, M.
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Romer, A. K.
- Rouble, M.
- Ruhl, J. E.
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Sanchez, E.
- Scarpine, V.
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Schubnell, M.
- Smecher, G.
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Smith, M.
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Soares-Santos, M.
- Sobrin, J. A.
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Suchyta, E.
- Suzuki, A.
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Tarle, G.
- Thomas, D.
- Thompson, K. L.
- Thorne, B.
- Tucker, C.
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Umilta, C.
- Vieira, J. D.
- Vincenzi, M.
- Wang, G.
- Weaverdyck, N.
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Weller, J.
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Whitehorn, N.
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Wu, W. L. K.
- Yefremenko, V.
- Young, M. R.
- SPT-3G Collaboration
- DES Collaboration
Abstract
We infer the mean optical depth of a sample of optically selected galaxy clusters from the Dark Energy Survey via the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (KSZ) effect. The pairwise KSZ signal between pairs of clusters drawn from the Dark Energy Survey Year-3 cluster catalog is detected at 4.1𝜎 in cosmic microwave background temperature maps from two years of observations with the SPT-3G camera on the South Pole Telescope. After cuts, there are 24,580 clusters in the ∼1,400 deg² of the southern sky observed by both experiments. We infer the mean optical depth of the cluster sample with two techniques. The optical depth inferred from the pairwise KSZ signal is τ̅ₑ=(2.97±0.73)×10⁻³, while that inferred from the thermal SZ signal is τ̅ₑ=(2.51±0.55stat±0.15syst)×10⁻³. The two measures agree at 0.6𝜎. We perform a suite of systematic checks to test the robustness of the analysis.
Copyright and License
© 2023 American Physical Society.
Acknowledgement
SPT is supported by the National Science Foundation through Grants No. PLR-1248097 and No. OPP-1852617. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center Grant No. PHY-1125897 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant No. GBMF 947. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Melbourne group acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects scheme (Grant No. DP200101068). B. B. is supported by the Fermi Research Alliance LLC under Contract No. De-AC02- 07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Argonne National Laboratory’s work was supported under the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We also acknowledge support from the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials. This research was done using services provided by the OSG Consortium [68,69], which is supported by the National Science Foundation Grants No. 2030508 and No. 1836650. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, NFS’s NOIRLab, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory at NSF’s NOIRLab (NOIRLab Prop. ID 2012B-0001; PI: J. Frieman), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. AST-1138766 and No. AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under Grants No. ESP2017-89838, No. PGC2018-094773, No. PGC2018-102021, No. SEV-2016-0588, No. SEV-2016-0597, and No. MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. I. F. A. E. is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC Grant Agreements No. 240672, No. 291329, and No. 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq Grant No. 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The CosmoSim database used in this paper is a service by the Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP). The MultiDark database was developed in cooperation with the Spanish MultiDark Consolider Project No. CSD2009-00064. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V. [70] and the Partnership for Advanced Supercomputing in Europe (PRACE [71]) for funding the MultiDark simulation project by providing computing time on the GCS Supercomputer SuperMUC at Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ [72]). The Bolshoi simulations have been performed within the Bolshoi project of the University of California High-Performance AstroComputing Center (UC-HiPACC) and were run at the NASA Ames Research Center. We acknowledge the use of many python packages: ipython [73], matplotlib [74], and scipy [75].
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Additional details
Identifiers
- ISSN
- 2470-0029
Funding
- National Science Foundation
- AST-1248097
- National Science Foundation
- OPP-1852617
- National Science Foundation
- PHY-1125897
- The Kavli Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- GBMF 947
- United States Department of Energy
- DE-AC02-05CH11231
- Australian Research Council
- DP200101068
- United States Department of Energy
- DE-AC02-07CH11359
- United States Department of Energy
- DE-AC02-06CH11357
- Argonne National Laboratory
- National Science Foundation
- OAC-2030508
- National Science Foundation
- OAC-1836650
- National Science Foundation
- AST-1138766
- National Science Foundation
- AST-1536171
- Research England
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- University of California, Santa Cruz
- University of Cambridge
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
- University of Chicago
- University College London
- University of Edinburgh
- ETH Zurich
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
- University of Nottingham
- Ohio State University
- University of Pennsylvania
- University of Portsmouth
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Stanford University
- University of Sussex
- Texas A&M University
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- ESP2017-89838
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- PGC2018-094773
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- PGC2018-102021
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- SEV-2016-0588
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- SEV-2016-0597
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- MDM-2015-0509
- European Commission
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- European Research Council
- 240672
- European Research Council
- 291329
- European Research Council
- 306478
- European Commission
- FP7/2007-2013
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- 465376/2014-2
- Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam
- Ames Research Center
- Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai
- NOIRLab
- ID 2012B-0001
- Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
- CERCA program
- Spanish MultiDark Consolider
- CSD2009-00064
- University of California High-Performance AstroComputing Center