Xenon Hydrate as an Analog of Methane Hydrate in Geologic Systems Out of Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Abstract
Methane hydrate occurs naturally under pressure and temperature conditions that are not straightforward to replicate experimentally. Xenon has emerged as an attractive laboratory alternative to methane for studying hydrate formation and dissociation in multiphase systems, given that it forms hydrates under milder conditions. However, building reliable analogies between the two hydrates requires systematic comparisons, which are currently lacking. We address this gap by developing a theoretical and computational model of gas hydrates under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. We first compare equilibrium phase behaviors of the Xe·H₂O and CH₄·H₂O systems by calculating their isobaric phase diagram, and then study the nonequilibrium kinetics of interfacial hydrate growth using a phase field model. Our results show that Xe·H₂O is a good experimental analog to CH₄·H₂O, but there are key differences to consider. In particular, the aqueous solubility of xenon is altered by the presence of hydrate, similar to what is observed for methane; but xenon is consistently less soluble than methane. Xenon hydrate has a wider nonstoichiometry region, which could lead to a thicker hydrate layer at the gas‐liquid interface when grown under similar kinetic forcing conditions. For both systems, our numerical calculations reveal that hydrate nonstoichiometry coupled with hydrate formation dynamics leads to a compositional gradient across the hydrate layer, where the stoichiometric ratio increases from the gas‐facing side to the liquid‐facing side. Our analysis suggests that accurate composition measurements could be used to infer the kinetic history of hydrate formation in natural settings where gas is abundant.
Additional Information
© 2019 American Geophysical Union. Issue Online: 14 June 2019; Version of Record online: 29 May 2019; Accepted manuscript online: 06 May 2019; Manuscript accepted: 23 April 2019; Manuscript revised: 15 April 2019; Manuscript received: 31 January 2019. This work was funded in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, DOE [awards DE‐FE0013999 and DE‐SC0018357 (to R. J.) and DOE Interagency Agreement DE‐FE0023495 (to W. F. W.)]. X. F. acknowledges support by the Miller Research Fellowship at the University of California Berkeley. W. F. W. acknowledges support from the U.S. Geological Survey's Gas Hydrate Project and the Survey's Coastal, Marine Hazards and Resources Program. L. C. F. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grants RYC‐2012‐11704 and CTM2014‐54312‐P). L. C. F. and R. J. acknowledge funding from the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives, through a Seed Fund grant. The simulation data are available on the UC Berkeley Dash repository at https://doi.org/10.6078/D1G67B.Attached Files
Published - 2019GC008250.pdf
Files
Name | Size | Download all |
---|---|---|
md5:f66864f08aaec0ce9317e4802b619bb8
|
1.3 MB | Preview Download |
Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 105222
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20200902-134918986
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- DE‐FE0013999
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- DE‐SC0018357
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- DE‐FE0023495
- Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science
- USGS
- Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO)
- RYC‐2012‐11704
- Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO)
- CTM2014‐54312‐P
- Created
-
2020-09-08Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2023-06-01Created from EPrint's last_modified field