Published September 2024 | Version Published
Journal Article

Role of friction and geometry in tuning the bending stiffness of topologically interlocking materials

Abstract

Topologically interlocking material (TIM) systems offer adjustable bending stiffness controlled by external pre-stress, as shown in previous studies. This study focuses on a specific TIM system comprised of truncated tetrahedral particles interconnected via tensioned wires. The fabrication process involves weaving nylon wires through 3D printed truncated tetrahedrons that have longitudinal and latitudinal through-holes. By varying the tension applied to the wires, one can systematically control the overall bending stiffness of the TIM system. We change the surface friction and the contact angle between adjacent particles at a fixed wire tension, to study experimentally how they affect the system’s bending response. We inform experiments with Level Set Discrete Element Method (LS-DEM) simulations, to correlate surface friction and contact area changes with the system’s bending modulus. The numerical model is shown to be predictive and could be used in the future to evaluate designs of TIMs.

Copyright and License

© 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Acknowledgement

Part of this research was done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, USA, under contract with NASA (80NM0018D0004). This work was supported by the JPL Researchers on Campus program and Caltech President’s and JPL Director’s Research and Development Fund, USA. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement by the United States Government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. J.E.A. and Z.Z. would like to acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), USA under award number CMMI-2033779, and the U.S. Army Research Office under grant number W911NF-19-1-0245.

Contributions

Tracy Lu: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Validation, Supervision, Software, Resources, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Ziran Zhou: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Validation, Supervision, Software, Resources, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Punnathat Bordeenithikasem: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Resources, Funding acquisition. Norman Chung: Validation, Software, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Diana Frias Franco: Validation, Software, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Jose E. Andrade: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Resources, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Chiara Daraio: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Resources, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Chiara Daraio reports financial support was provided by Meta. Jose Andrade reports financial support was provided by National Science Foundation. Jose Andrade reports was provided by US Army Research Office. Punnathat Bordeenithikasem reports financial support was provided by Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Chiara Daraio was previously an Associate Editor for Extreme Mechanics Letters. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional details

Funding

National Science Foundation
CMMI-2033779
United States Army Research Office
W911NF-19-1-0245
California Institute of Technology
JPL Researchers on Campus program -
California Institute of Technology
Caltech President’s and JPL Director’s Research and Development Fund -

Dates

Accepted
2024-07-21
Accepted
Available
2024-07-25
Published online
Available
2024-08-01
Version of record

Caltech Custom Metadata

Publication Status
Published