Published November 1, 2023 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

First measurement of the forward rapidity gap distribution in 𝑝⁢Pb collisions at √𝑠NN=8.16  TeV

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon California Institute of Technology

Abstract

For the first time at LHC energies, the forward rapidity gap spectra from proton-lead collisions for both proton and lead dissociation processes are presented. The analysis is performed over 10.4 units of pseudorapidity at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √𝑠NN=8.16  TeV, almost 300 times higher than in previous measurements of diffractive production in proton-nucleus collisions. For lead dissociation processes, which correspond to the pomeron-lead event topology, the epos-lhc generator predictions are a factor of 2 below the data, but the model gives a reasonable description of the rapidity gap spectrum shape. For the pomeron-proton topology, the epos-lhcqgsjet ii, and hijing predictions are all at least a factor of 5 lower than the data. The latter effect might be explained by a significant contribution of ultraperipheral photoproduction events mimicking the signature of diffractive processes. These data may be of significant help in understanding the high energy limit of quantum chromodynamics and for modeling cosmic ray air showers.

Copyright and License

© 2023 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Funding

Funded by SCOAP3.

Acknowledgement

We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid and other centers for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC, the CMS detector, and the supporting computing infrastructure provided by the following funding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES and BNSF (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RIF (Cyprus); SENESCYT (Ecuador); MoER, ERC PUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRI (Greece); NKFIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); MES (Latvia); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Montenegro); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); MESTD (Serbia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (Sri Lanka); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TENMAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).

Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and Horizon 2020 Grant, Contracts No. 675440, No. 724704, No. 752730, No. 758316, No. 765710, No. 824093, No. 884104, and COST Action CA16108 (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the F. R. S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium) under the “Excellence of Science—EOS“—be.h Project No. 30820817; the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), Project No. 2288 (Greece); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC 2121 “Quantum Universe”—390833306, and under Project No. 400140256—GRK2497; the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program—ÚNKP, the NKFIH Research Grants No. K 124845, No. K 124850, No. K 128713, No. K 128786, No. K 129058, No. K 131991, No. K 133046, No. K 138136, No. K 143460, No. K 143477, No. 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and No. TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hungary); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Latvian Council of Science; the Ministry of Education and Science, Project No. 2022/WK/14, and the National Science Center, Contracts Opus No. 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and No. 2021/43/B/ST2/01552 (Poland); the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Grant No. CEECIND/01334/2018 (Portugal); the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF “a way of making Europe,” and the Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu, Grant No. MDM-2017-0765 and Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias (Spain); the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project, and the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources and Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, Grant No. B05F650021 (Thailand); the Kavli Foundation; the Nvidia Corporation; the SuperMicro Corporation; the Welch Foundation, Contract No. C-1845; and the Weston Havens Foundation (USA).

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Additional details

Identifiers

ISSN
2470-0029

Funding

Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research
FWF Austrian Science Fund
Fund for Scientific Research
Research Foundation - Flanders
30820817
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Ministry of Education and Science
Bulgarian Science Fund
European Organization for Nuclear Research
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Ministry of Science, Education and Sports
Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
European Research Council
European Commission
Research Council of Finland
Ministry of Education and Culture
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
Federal Ministry of Education and Research
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
400140256—GRK2497
Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 124845
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 124850
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 128713
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 128786
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 129058
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 131991
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 133046
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 138136
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 143460
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
K 143477
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
TKP2021-NKTA-64
Department of Atomic Energy
Department of Science and Technology
Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences
Science Foundation Ireland
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
National Research Foundation of Korea
Ministry of Education and Science
Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
Ministry of Education
University of Malaya
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías
Laboratorio Nacional de Supercómputo del Sureste de Mexico
Secretariat of Public Education
Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Ministry of Science and Higher Education
2022/WK/14
National Science Center
Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369
National Science Center
2021/43/B/ST2/01552
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
CEECIND/01334/2018
Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Ministry of Science, Technology and Research
National Science and Technology Council
Thailand Science Research and Innovation
National Science and Technology Development Agency
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Science and Technology Facilities Council
United States Department of Energy
National Science Foundation
European Commission
European Commission
675440
European Commission
724704
European Commission
752730
European Commission
758316
European Commission
765710
European Commission
824093
European Commission
884104
European Cooperation in Science and Technology
CA16108
A G Leventis Foundation
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
Fund for Scientific Research
Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie
Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission
Z191100007219010
Ministry of Education Youth and Sports
Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation
2288
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Latvian Council of Science
Qatar National Research Fund
Chulalongkorn University
The Kavli Foundation
Nvidia (United States)
Welch Foundation
C-1845
Weston Havens Foundation
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Technical University of Sofia
Institute of High Energy Physics
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
RWTH Aachen University
University of Ioannina
Wigner Research Centre for Physics
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Sapienza University of Rome
University of Trieste
Kyungpook National University
Quaid-i-Azam University
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Instituto de Física de Cantabria
CSCS - Swiss National Supercomputing Centre
Middle East Technical University
Brunel University London
Imperial College London
Queen Mary University of London
Royal Holloway, University of London
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
University of Bristol
University of Glasgow
Baylor University
California Institute of Technology
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
Purdue University West Lafayette
San Diego Supercomputer Center
University of California, San Diego
University of Colorado Boulder
University of Florida
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Vanderbilt University
MINCIENCIAS
CSF
RIF
MoER
HIP
GSRI
MOS
PCTI
Swiss Funding Agencies
New National Excellence Program–ÚNKP
Council of Science and Industrial Research, India
Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia María de Maeztu
MDM-2017-0765
Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias
National Science, Research and Innovation Fund
Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation
B05F650021
SuperMicro Corporation
Institut für Hochenergiephysik (HEPHY) using the Cloud Infrastructure Platform
Inter-University Institute for High Energies
Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve
São Paulo Research and Analysis Center
Helsinki Institute of Physics
Grille de Recherche d'Ile de France
Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l'Univers
Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris
INFN CNAF
INFN Sezione di Bari, Università di Bari, Politecnico di Bari
INFN Sezione di Pisa, Università di Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
Akademickie Centrum Komputerowe Cyfronet AGH
National Centre for Nuclear Research
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas
Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'
Port d'Informació Científica
National Center for High-performance Computing
Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
Open Science Grid
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
European Research Council
Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship
SCOAP3

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