Identification of key steps in the evolution of anaerobic methanotrophy in Candidatus Methanovorans (ANME-3) archaea

Abstract

Copyright and License

© 2025 the Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

Acknowledgement

We thank R. Murali, G. Chadwick, and B. Kaçar for informative discussions regarding this work. We also thank the reviewers for helpful comments, which greatly strengthened the paper. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the US Government. Neither the US Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. The reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the US Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the US Government or any agency thereof.

Funding

P.H.W., D.R.S., and V.J.O. were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Award Number DE-SC0020373. P.H.W., D.R.U., and V.J.O. were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Award Number DE-SC0022991. P.H.W. and V.J.O. were supported by NASA ICAR grant AWD-005316-G4. P.H.W. was supported by the California Institute of Technology Center for Environmental Microbial Interactions (CEMI). R.L.-P. was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the European Union (NextGenerationEU/PRTR) Ramón y Cajal grant RyC2021-031775-I. D.R.S. was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Rubicon award 019.153LW.039 and the California Institute of Technology GPS Division Texaco Postdoctoral Fellowship. R.L.-P. and V.J.O. were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Initiative/Strategy through the Cluster of Excellence :The Ocean Floor — Earth’s Uncharted Interface” grant EXC-2077-390741603. S.E.R. was supported by the Simons Foundation grant 824763. V.J.O. is a Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Fellow (CIFAR) in the Earth 4D program.

Data Availability

All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. All genome data used in this study can be found in a CaltechDATA repository at https://doi.org/10.22002/0nch3-66f40, along with paired annotation files. The newly assembled genomes are deposited with NCBI under PRJNA1173737. All original code by the researchers used in this work is available on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13942341 and on GitHub at https://github.com/orphanlab/anme3evo-code. All other data are available in the main text or the Supplementary Materials.

Supplemental Material