The Radio and Microwave Sky as Seen by Juno on its Mission to Jupiter

Creators: Anderson, C. J.¹; Berger, P.²; Chang, T.-C.^{1, 3}; Doré, O.^{1, 3}; Brown, S.¹; Levin, S.¹; Seiffert, M.¹

1. Jet Propulsion Lab
2. Hinge Health
3. California Institute of Technology

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Abstract

We present six nearly full-sky maps made from data taken by radiometers on the Juno satellite during its 5 yr flight to Jupiter. The maps represent integrated emission over ∼4% passbands spaced approximately in octaves between 600 MHz and 21.9 GHz. Long-timescale offset drifts are removed in all bands, and, for the two lowest-frequency bands, gain drifts are also removed from the maps via a self-calibration algorithm similar to the NPIPE pipeline used by the Planck Collaboration. We show that, after this solution is applied, statistical noise in the maps is consistent with thermal radiometer noise and expected levels of correlated noise on the gain and noise drift solutions. We verify our map solutions with several consistency tests and end-to-end simulations. We also estimate the level of systematic pixelization noise and polarization leakage via simulations.

Copyright and License

Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

We thank the Juno PI Scott Bolton for their support of this work. We thank the reviewer for questions that led to a better understanding of the noise model. C. A., P. B., and T.-C. C. acknowledge support by NASA ROSES grant Nos. 17-ADAP17-0234 and 21-ADAP21-0122. Part of this work was done at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. E3 2024. California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.

Software References

Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), HEALPix (K. M. Górski et al. 2005), and healpy (A. Zonca et al. 2019).

Data Availability

The maps and their associated covariances, pixelization error estimates, and polarization contribution estimates are publicly available on NASA's LAMBDA archive at https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/foreground/fg_juno_get.html.

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