Poisson's ratio of individual metal nanowires
Abstract
The measurement of Poisson's ratio of nanomaterials is extremely challenging. Here we report a lateral atomic force microscope experimental method to electromechanically measure the Poisson's ratio and gauge factor of individual nanowires. Under elastic loading conditions we monitor the four-point resistance of individual metallic nanowires as a function of strain and different levels of electrical stress. We determine the gauge factor of individual wires and directly measure the Poisson's ratio using a model that is independently validated for macroscopic wires. For macroscopic wires and nickel nanowires we find Poisson's ratios that closely correspond to bulk values, whereas for silver nanowires significant deviations from the bulk silver value are observed. Moreover, repeated measurements on individual silver nanowires at different levels of mechanical and electrical stress yield a small spread in Poisson ratio, with a range of mean values for different wires, all of which are distinct from the bulk value.
Copyright and License
© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Acknowledgement
This research was funded by the European Commission (ERC Advanced Grant 247330-Nano Antennas), Fundació CELLEX (Barcelona) and MINECO Plan Estatal project FIS2012-35527. R.C. thanks the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) for financial support; and E.W. acknowledges financial support from the Marie-Curie International Fellowship COFUND and ICFOnest programme.
Contributions
E.W. and N.F.v.H. designed the experiment; R.C. provided the LH2 sample; J.R. performed the nano-fabrication; A.G.C. performed the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations; E.W. performed the measurements and data analysis; and E.W., A.G.C. and N.F.v.H. wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the writing of the final manuscript.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Additional details
- PMCID
- PMC4102115
- European Research Council
- 247330
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council