A Massive Hot Jupiter Orbiting a Metal-rich Early M Star Discovered in the TESS Full-frame Images

Abstract

Copyright and License

© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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Acknowledgement

We thank Beibei Liu and Haochang Jiang for the useful discussions on planet formation and scattering. We are grateful to Coel Hellier for the insights regarding the WASP data.

This work is partly supported by the National Science Foundation of China (grant No. 12133005). This research uses data obtained through the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the TAP member institutes. The authors acknowledge the Tsinghua Astrophysics High-Performance Computing platform at Tsinghua University for providing computational and data storage resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper.

Based on observations obtained at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated from the summit of Maunakea by the National Research Council of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii. The observations at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope were performed with care and respect from the summit of Maunakea, which is a significant cultural and historic site. Based on observations obtained with SPIRou, an international project led by Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France.

This work is partly supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Institute for Research on Exoplanets through the Trottier Family Foundation. This work makes use of observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory global telescope network and is partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos. JP17H04574 and JP18H05439 and JST CREST grant No. JPMJCR1761.

Some of the observations in this paper made use of the High-Resolution Imaging instrument Zorro and were obtained under Gemini LLP Proposal No. GN/S-2021A-LP-105. Zorro was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. Zorro was mounted on the Gemini South telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's OIR Lab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea).

Based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin 48-inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. AST-1440341 and a collaboration including Caltech, IPAC, the Weizmann Institute for Science, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, the University of Washington, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron and Humboldt University, Los Alamos National Laboratories, the TANGO Consortium of Taiwan, the University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories. Operations are conducted by COO, IPAC, and UW.

This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF.

This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.

The ULiege's contribution to SPECULOOS has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013; grant agreement No. 336480/SPECULOOS), from the Balzan Prize and Francqui Foundations, from the Belgian Scientific Research Foundation (F.R.S.-FNRS; grant n° T.0109.20), from the University of Liege, and from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. SPECULOOS-North has received financial support from the Heising-Simons Foundation and from Dr. and Mrs. Colin Masson and Dr. Peter A. Gilman.

The postdoctoral fellowship of K.B. is funded by F.R.S.-FNRS grant T.0109.20 and by the Francqui Foundation. This publication benefits from the support of the French Community of Belgium in the context of the FRIA Doctoral Grant awarded to M.T. J.d.W. and M.I.T. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Heising-Simons Foundation, Dr. and Mrs. Colin Masson, and Dr. Peter A. Gilman for Artemis, the first telescope of the SPECULOOS network situated in Tenerife, Spain. B.V.R. thanks the Heising-Simons Foundation for support. M.G. is FNRS-F.R.S Research Director. K.A.C. and S.Q. acknowledge support from the TESS mission via subaward s3449 from MIT. S.Q. acknowledges support from the TESS GI Program under award 80NSSC21K1056.

Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work made use of tpfplotter by J. Lillo-Box (publicly available in www.github.com/jlillo/tpfplotter), which also made use of the Python packages astropy, lightkurve, matplotlib, and numpy.

Facilities

TESS - , Gaia - , CFHT - , Magellan:Baade - , Gemini:Gillett - , LCOGT - Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, MuSCAT - , SPECULOOS - , ZTF - .

Software References

lightkurve (Lightkurve Collaboration et al. 2018), astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), AstroImageJ (Collins et al. 2017), juliet (Espinoza et al. 2019), batman (Kreidberg 2015), radvel (Fulton et al. 2018), tpfplotter (Aller et al. 2020).