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Published June 1, 2025 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

JWST/MIRI Observations of Newly Formed Dust in the Cold, Dense Shell of the Type IIn SN 2005ip

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Space Telescope Science Institute
  • 2. ROR icon Princeton University
  • 3. ROR icon Goddard Space Flight Center
  • 4. ROR icon Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • 5. ROR icon University of Copenhagen
  • 6. ROR icon University of Arizona
  • 7. ROR icon Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
  • 8. ROR icon University of California, Berkeley
  • 9. ROR icon University of Szeged
  • 10. MTA-ELTE Lendület "Momentum" Milky Way Research Group, Szent Imre H. st. 112, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary
  • 11. ROR icon Stockholm University
  • 12. ROR icon Johns Hopkins University
  • 13. ROR icon Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
  • 14. ROR icon Gemini North Observatory
  • 15. ROR icon Virginia Tech
  • 16. ROR icon University of Hawaii at Manoa
  • 17. ROR icon Louisiana State University
  • 18. ROR icon Space Science Institute
  • 19. ROR icon Ghent University
  • 20. ROR icon University of California, Santa Cruz
  • 21. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 22. ROR icon University of Canterbury
  • 23. ROR icon NOIRLab
  • 24. ROR icon European Space Astronomy Centre
  • 25. ROR icon Purdue University West Lafayette
  • 26. ROR icon University of Virginia
  • 27. ROR icon National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand
  • 28. ROR icon Hebei University

Abstract

Dust from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), specifically Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP), has been suggested to be a significant source of the dust observed in high-redshift galaxies. CCSNe eject large amounts of newly formed heavy elements, which can condense into dust grains in the cooling ejecta. However, infrared (IR) observations of typical CCSNe generally measure dust masses that are too small to account for the dust production needed at high redshifts. Type IIn SNe (SNe IIn), classified by their dense circumstellar medium, are also known to exhibit strong IR emission from warm dust, but the dust origin and heating mechanism have generally remained unconstrained because of limited observational capabilities in the mid-IR (MIR). Here, we present a JWST/MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph spectrum of the SN IIn SN 2005ip nearly 17 yr post-explosion. The SN IIn SN 2005ip is one of the longest-lasting and most well-studied SNe observed to date. Combined with a Spitzer MIR spectrum of SN 2005ip obtained in 2008, this data set provides a rare 15 yr baseline, allowing for a unique investigation of the evolution of dust. The JWST spectrum shows the emergence of an optically thin silicate dust component (≳0.08 M⊙) that is either not present or more compact/optically thick in the earlier Spitzer spectrum. Our analysis shows that this dust is likely newly formed in the cold, dense shell (CDS), between the forward and reverse shocks, and was not preexisting at the time of the explosion. There is also a smaller mass of carbonaceous dust (≳0.005 M⊙) in the ejecta. These observations provide new insights into the role of SN dust production, particularly within the CDS, and its potential contribution to the rapid dust enrichment of the early Universe.

Copyright and License

© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

M.S. is supported by an STScI Postdoctoral Fellowship. M.S. acknowledges support by NASA/JWST grants GO-04436, GO-04217, GO-01860, and GO-02666. T.T acknowledges support by NSF grant AST-2205314. This project was supported in part by the Transients Science @ Space Telescope group. This work was supported by a NASA Keck PI Data Award, administered by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. Data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1860. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA; the observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. A.V.F.'s supernova group at UC Berkeley is grateful for financial assistance from the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, Gary and Cynthia Bengier, Clark and Sharon Winslow, Alan Eustace (W.Z. is a Bengier-Winslow-Eustace Specialist in Astronomy), William Draper, Timothy and Melissa Draper, Briggs and Kathleen Wood, Sanford Robertson (T.G.B. is a Draper-Wood-Robertson Specialist in Astronomy), and many other donors. This project has been supported by the NKFIH OTKA FK-134432 grant of the National Research, Development, and Innovation (NRDI) Office of Hungary.

Facilities

JWST - James Webb Space Telescope, HST - Hubble Space Telescope satellite, Swift - Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission, AAVSO - American Association of Variable Star Observers International Database, CTIO:1.3 m - , CTIO:1.5 m - , CXO - .

Software References

astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013).

Data Availability

The JWST raw data associated with this program can be found at DOI: 10.17909/q96n-2296.

Files

Shahbandeh_2025_ApJ_985_262.pdf

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2410.09142 (arXiv)
Is supplemented by
Dataset: 10.17909/q96n-2296 (DOI)

Funding

Space Telescope Science Institute
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GO-04436
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GO-04217
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GO-01860
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
GO-02666
National Science Foundation
AST-2205314
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA Keck PI Data Award -
W. M. Keck Foundation
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NAS 5-03127
National Research, Development and Innovation Office
FK-134432

Dates

Accepted
2025-04-16
Available
2025-05-29
Published

Caltech Custom Metadata

Caltech groups
Astronomy Department, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published