We present two independent measurements of stellar velocity dispersions (σ⋆) from the Ca ii H+K λ3969, 3934 and Mg ibλ 5183, 5172, 5167 region (3880–5550 Å) and the calcium triplet region (8350–8750 Å) for 173 hard X-ray-selected Type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs; z ≤ 0.08) from the 105 month Swift-BAT catalog. We construct one of the largest samples of local Type 1 AGNs that have both single-epoch virial black hole mass (MBH) estimates and σ⋆ measurements obtained from high spectral resolution data, allowing us to test the usage of such methods for supermassive black hole studies. We find that the two independent σ⋆ measurements are highly consistent with each other, with an average offset of only 0.002 ± 0.001 dex. Comparing MBH estimates based on broad emission lines and stellar velocity dispersion measurements, we find that the former is systematically lower by ≈0.12 dex. Consequently, Eddington ratios estimated through broad-line MBH determinations are similarly biased (but in the opposite way). We argue that the discrepancy is driven by extinction in the broad-line region. We also find an anticorrelation between the offset from the MBH–σ⋆ relation and the Eddington ratio. Our sample of Type 1 AGNs shows a shallower MBH–σ⋆ relation (with a power-law exponent of ≈3.5) compared with that of inactive galaxies (with a power-law exponent of ≈4.5), confirming earlier results obtained from smaller samples.
BASS. XXXV. The M_(BH)–σ* Relation of 105 Month Swift-BAT Type 1 AGNs
- Creators
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Caglar, Turgay1
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Koss, Michael J.2, 3
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Burtscher, Leonard1
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Trakhtenbrot, Benny4
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Erdim, M. Kiyami5
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Mejía-Restrepo, Julian E.6
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Ricci, Federica7, 8
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Powell, Meredith C.9
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Ricci, Claudio10, 11, 12
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Mushotzky, Richard13
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Bauer, Franz E.2, 14, 15
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Ananna, Tonima T.16
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Bär, Rudolf E.17
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Brandl, Bernhard1
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Brinchmann, Jarle18
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Harrison, Fiona19
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Ichikawa, Kohei20
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Kakkad, Darshan21
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Oh, Kyuseok22, 23
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Riffel, Rogério24, 25
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Sartori, Lia F.17
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Smith, Krista L.26
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Stern, Daniel27
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Urry, C. Megan28
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1.
Leiden University
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2.
Eureka Scientific
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3.
Space Science Institute
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4.
Tel Aviv University
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5.
Yıldız Technical University
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6.
European Southern Observatory
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7.
Roma Tre University
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8.
Astronomical Observatory of Rome
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9.
Stanford University
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10.
Diego Portales University
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11.
Peking University
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12.
George Mason University
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13.
University of Maryland, College Park
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14.
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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15.
Millennium Institute of Astrophysics
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16.
Dartmouth College
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17.
ETH Zurich
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18.
University of Porto
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19.
California Institute of Technology
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20.
Tohoku University
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21.
Space Telescope Science Institute
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22.
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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23.
Kyoto University
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24.
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
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25.
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
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26.
Texas A&M University
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27.
Jet Propulsion Lab
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28.
Yale University
Abstract
Copyright and License
© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Acknowledgement
We acknowledge support from NASA through ADAP award NNH16CT03C (M.K.); the Israel Science Foundation through grant No. 1849/19 (B.T.); the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, through grant agreement No. 950533 (B.T.); FONDECYT Regular 1230345 (C.R), 1190818 (F.E.B.) and 1200495 (F.E.B); ANID grants CATA-Basal AFB-170002 (F.E.B.), ACE210002 (F.E.B.) and FB210003 (C.R., F.E.B.); Millennium Science Initiative Program—ICN12_009 (F.E.B.); Fondecyt Iniciacion grant 11190831 (C.R.); the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute under the R&D program (Project No. 2023-1-868-03) supervised by the Ministry of Science and ICT, the National Research Foundation of Korea grant NRF-2020R1C1C1005462, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ID: 17321 (K.O.); Fundación Jesús Serra and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias under the Visiting Researcher Program 2023–2025 agreed between both institutions. ACIISI, Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento y Empleo del Gobierno de Canarias and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under grant No. ProID2021010079, and the support through the RAVET project by the grant PID2019-107427GB-C32 from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities MCIU. This work has also been supported through the IAC project TRACES, which is partially supported by the state budget and the regional budget of the Consejería de Economía, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento of the Canary Islands Autonomous Community.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, project Nos. 311223/2020-6, 304927/2017-1, and 400352/2016-8), Fundação de amparo 'a pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS, project Nos. 16/2551-0000251-7 and 19/1750-2), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, project No. 0001, R.R.); NASA ADAP grant No. 80NSSC23K0557 (T.T.A.). L.A.S. acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). This work was performed in part at the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by National Science Foundation grant PHY-1607611. The work of D.S. was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA.
We acknowledge that the data used in this work was obtained through the following observatories: the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO), the Palomar Observatory, the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR), the W.M. Keck Observatory, and the various stages of SDSS. A full list of observing facilities and program numbers can be found in the main DR2 Catalog paper (Koss et al. 2022c, see the acknowledgments there).
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Additional details
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NNH16CT03C
- Israel Science Foundation
- 1849/19
- European Research Council
- 950533
- Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
- 1230345
- Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
- 1190818
- Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
- 1200495
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- AFB-170002
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- ACE210002
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- FB210003
- Millennium Science Initiative
- ICN12_009
- Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
- 11190831
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
- 2023-1-868-03
- Ministry of Science and ICT
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- NRF-2020R1C1C1005462
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- 17321
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
- European Union
- ProID2021010079
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- PID2019-107427GB-C32
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- 311223/2020-6
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- 304927/2017-1
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- 400352/2016-8
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
- 16/2551-0000251-7
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
- 19/1750-2
- Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- 0001
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC23K0557
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- PHY-1607611
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- California Institute of Technology
- Accepted
-
2023-08-01Accepted
- Available
-
2023-10-06Published
- Caltech groups
- Astronomy Department
- Publication Status
- Published