Published August 2025 | Version Published
Journal Article Open

Continued Photometric Monitoring Supports Long-term Dynamical Evolution in the Young Binary Star–Disk System KH 15D

  • 1. ROR icon California Institute of Technology
  • 2. ROR icon University of Toronto

Abstract

We present photometric time series data spanning 2018–2024 that show the effects of temporal dynamics in the binary system KH 15D, a member of the NGC 2264 star-forming region. This source exhibits complex eclipsing behavior due to a precessing circumbinary disk or ring that is slightly inclined relative to the orbital plane of the binary. Using g-band and r-band observations from the Zwicky Transient Facility over seven observing seasons, we follow the evolution of the KH 15D lightcurve as it continues to emerge from its deepest observed photometric minimum about 15 yr ago. Our observations are consistent with previous models that propose a precessing, warped circumbinary disk orbiting KH 15D. We verify the gradual precession of the disk by quantifying the times of eclipse ingresses and egresses. We also examine the central rebrightening within the minima of the phased lightcurve. This feature has increased in amplitude over our observing seasons, and we measure its evolution in both amplitude and phase from year to year. Finally, we assess color as a function of phase and brightness. Our findings support the assertion that line-of-sight variations in disk density and structure, possibly due to clumping, coupled with a precessing circumbinary disk are responsible for the central rebrightening event.

Copyright and License

© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Acknowledgement

We thank the referee for comments that helped improve the paper.

Facilities

PO:1.2m - Palomar Observatory's 1.2 meter Samuel Oschin Telescope (ZTF).

Software References

astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 20132018).

Files

Lamitina_2025_AJ_170_79.pdf

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Additional details

Related works

Is new version of
Discussion Paper: arXiv:2506.04914 (arXiv)

Dates

Accepted
2025-06-05
Available
2025-07-09
Published

Caltech Custom Metadata

Caltech groups
Astronomy Department, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy (PMA)
Publication Status
Published