The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) continues to increase dramatically the number of known transiting exoplanets, and is optimal for monitoring bright stars amenable to radial velocity (RV) and atmospheric follow-up observations. TOI-1386 is a solar-type (G5V) star that was detected via TESS photometry to exhibit transit signatures in three sectors with a period of 25.84 days. We conducted follow-up RV observations using Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) as part of the TESS–Keck Survey, collecting 64 RV measurements of TOI-1386 with the HIRES spectrograph over 2.5 yr. Our combined fit of the TOI-1386 photometry and RV data confirm the planetary nature of the detected TESS signal, and provide a mass and radius for planet b of 0.148 ± 0.019 MJ and 0.540 ± 0.017 RJ, respectively, marking TOI-1386 b as a warm sub-Saturn planet. Our RV data further reveal an additional outer companion, TOI-1386 c, with an estimated orbital period of 227.6 days and a minimum mass of 0.309 ± 0.038 MJ. The dynamical modeling of the system shows that the measured system architecture is long-term stable, although there may be substantial eccentricity oscillations of the inner planet due to the dynamical influence of the outer planet.
The TESS–Keck Survey. XIX. A Warm Transiting Sub-Saturn-mass Planet and a Nontransiting Saturn-mass Planet Orbiting a Solar Analog
- Creators
- Hill, Michelle L.
- Kane, Stephen R.
- Dalba, Paul A.
- MacDougall, Mason
- Fetherolf, Tara
- Li, Zhexing
- Pidhorodetska, Daria
- Batalha, Natalie M.
- Crossfield, Ian J. M.
- Dressing, Courtney
- Fulton, Benjamin
- Howard, Andrew W.1
- Huber, Daniel
- Isaacson, Howard
- Petigura, Erik A.
- Robertson, Paul
- Weiss, Lauren M.
- Behmard, Aida
- Beard, Corey
- Chontos, Ashley
- Dai, Fei
- Giacalone, Steven
- Hirsch, Lea A.
- Holcomb, Rae
- Lubin, Jack
- Mayo, Andrew W.
- Močnik, Teo
- Murphy, Joseph M. Akana
- Polanski, Alex S.
- Rosenthal, Lee J.
- Rubenzahl, Ryan A.
- Scarsdale, Nicholas
- Turtelboom, Emma V.
- Van Zandt, Judah
- Bieryla, Allyson
- Ciardi, David R.
- Eastman, Jason D.
- Falk, Ben
- Hesse, Katharine M.
- Latham, David W.
- Livingston, John
- Matson, Rachel A.
- Matthews, Elisabeth
- Ricker, George R.
- Rudat, Alexander
- Schlieder, Joshua E.
- Seager, S.
- Winn, Joshua N.
Abstract
Copyright and License
© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Acknowledgement
M.L.H. would like to acknowledge NASA support via the FINESST Planetary Science Division, NASA award No. 80NSSC21K1536. E.A.P. acknowledges the support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. L.M.W. is supported by the Beatrice Watson Parrent Fellowship and NASA ADAP Grant 80NSSC19K0597. D.H. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC21K0652), and the Australian Research Council (FT200100871). I.J.M.C. acknowledges support from the NSF through grant AST-1824644. P.D. acknowledges support from a 51 Pegasi b Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Heising-Simons Foundation. A.B. is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, grant No. DGE 1745301. R.A.R. is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, grant No. DGE 1745301. C.D.D. acknowledges the support of the Hellman Family Faculty Fund, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the David & Lucile Packard Foundation, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration via the TESS Guest Investigator Program (80NSSC18K1583). J.M.A.M. is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, grant No. DGE-1842400. J.M.A.M. also acknowledges the LSSTC Data Science Fellowship Program, which is funded by LSSTC, NSF Cybertraining grant No. 1829740, the Brinson Foundation, and the Moore Foundation; his participation in the program has benefited this work. T.F. acknowledges support from the University of California President's Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. J.V.Z. acknowledges support from the Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST) grant 80NSSC22K1606.
We thank the time assignment committees of the University of California, the California Institute of Technology, NASA, and the University of Hawaii for supporting the TESS–Keck Survey with observing time at Keck Observatory and on the Automated Planet Finder. We thank NASA for funding associated with our Key Strategic Mission Support project. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts and dedication of the Keck Observatory staff for support of HIRES and remote observing. We recognize and acknowledge the cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are deeply grateful to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. We thank Ken and Gloria Levy, who supported the construction of the Levy Spectrometer on the Automated Planet Finder. We thank the University of California and Google for supporting Lick Observatory and the UCO staff for their dedicated work scheduling and operating the telescopes of Lick Observatory. This paper is based on data collected by the TESS mission. Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program (ExoFOP; doi:10.26134/ExoFOP5) website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.
Based on observations obtained at the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea).
This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC; https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.
This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission that are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Data was taken from the TESS Input Catalog (doi:10.17909/fwdt-2x66).
Files
Name | Size | Download all |
---|---|---|
md5:3cb70a2db46ef0d4ccdfdfe26d4ba79b
|
1.7 MB | Preview Download |
Additional details
- ISSN
- 1538-3881
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology Fellowship 80NSSC21K1536
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- American Astronomical Society
- Beatrice Watson Parrent Fellowship
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC19K0597
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC21K0652
- Australian Research Council
- FT200100871
- National Science Foundation
- AST-1824644
- Heising-Simons Foundation
- 51 Pegasi b Postdoctoral Fellowship
- National Science Foundation
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-1745301
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 80NSSC18K1583
- National Science Foundation
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship DGE-1842400
- Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation
- National Science Foundation
- OAC-1829740
- Brinson Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- University of California Office of the President
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology Fellowship 80NSSC22K1606
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- Google (United States)
- NSF's NOIRLab
- European Space Agency
- Gaia Multilateral Agreement
- Caltech groups
- Astronomy Department, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), Thirty Meter Telescope